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Centroids & Moment of Inertia
Centroids & Moment of Inertia
centroid
area x distance | from the centroid
h/2 of the area to the moment axis
ZZ’
b
h h h h h
(bh)Y (b ) (b )
2 2 4 2 4
Take ZZ’ as the reference axis h 3h h
and take moment w.r.t ZZ’ axis
(b )
2 4 4
h
(b )h
2
Moment of Inertia (I)
• also known as the Second Moment of the Area is a term
used to describe the capacity of a cross-section to resist
bending.
• It is a mathematical property of a section concerned with a
surface area and how that area is distributed about the
reference axis. The reference axis is usually a centroidal
axis.
where
Moment of Inertia example
simple rectangular shape
I z y dA
h
2 2
I z y bdy
2
h
2
dA bdy y3
h
2
y b
3
h
2
h/2 b h h
3 3
z
h/2
dy 3 8 8
bh 3
Centroid
or Neutral axis
b 12
“I” is an important value!
• It is used to determine the state of stress in a section.
• It is used to calculate the resistance to bending.
• It can be used to determine the amount of deflection in a
beam. y h
h/2
b/2
z z
h/2 b/2
b y
bh 3 > hb 3
Iz Iz
12 Stronger section 12
Built-up sections
• It is often advantageous to combine a
number of smaller members in order to
create a beam or column of greater
strength.
• The moment of inertia of such a built-up
section is found by adding the moments of
inertia of the component parts
Transfer formula
• There are many built-up sections in which the
component parts are not symmetrically distributed about
the centroidal axis.
• To determine the moment of inertia of such a section is
to find the moment of inertia of the component parts
about their own centroidal axis and then apply the
transfer formula.
• The transfer formula transfers the moment of inertia of
a section or area from its own centroidal axis to another
parallel axis. It is known from calculus to be: