“A critical discourse analysis of

Prime Minister Imran

Khan’s Victory Speech.”
Hafsa Naveed Rai
Msf2000385
M.Phil. English (Linguistics)

University of Education Lower Mall Campus, Lahore.

 Outline

Introduction
 Background of the study
 Statement of the problem
 Objectives of the research
 Research questions
 Significance of the study
 Limitations of the study
Literature review
Research methodology
 Data collection
 Research design
Data analysis & findings
Conclusion & recommendations
Introduction
O PM Imran Khan's victory speech (July 26, 2018)
O Evaluated using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA).
O How linguistic expression, grammatical organization, and coherent
speech affect public perceptions in a socio-cultural context with a
worldview.
O The researcher's contribution has been the analysis of textual/stylistic
techniques.
O Understanding of social, linguistic, and cultural meanings in speech,
with such a special emphasis on broader political and social
perspectives.
O By emphasizing and analyzing speech on the basis of linguistic choices,
discursive practices, and socio-cultural perspective, this study
contributes to existing information.
O It also examines how specific linguistic structures aid the speaker in
efficiently propagating his or her views and convincing others to accept
them wholeheartedly.
 Background of the study

O Prime Minister Imran

Khan's Victory Speech
referring to Pakistan's
General Elections won
in 2018.
O Pakistanis voted in July
2018 for the third time.
O Transfer power through
one civilian
administration to the
next.
O High elections because winners were
announced.
O Opposition groups screamed out
O accusing the election of being rigged against
them.
O Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf leader Imran Khan
appeared to be on the verge of victory (Shah
& Sareen, 2018).
Statement of the Problem
Few academics have studied the
inaugural speeches of prime
ministers.

pragmatic elements of political

speeches attracted the most
attention

only few scholars analyzed the

speeches from the angle of Critical
discourse analysis (Akram, Ahmad,
Sarwat, & Shahzad, 2020).
 Objective of the Research.

Fairclough
3D Model
Critical
Discourse
Imran Analysis
Khan
Linguistic Victory
Strategies Speech
(2018)
 Research Questions
To what extent does Prime
Minister Imran Khan's
ideology show up in the
language choices he makes in
his speech?

What does the implementation

of Fairclough's model mean in
the context of the broader socio-
cultural and political
relationship?
 Significance of the Study
O Exposes the motivations of
O A lot of study done on
the ruling political party
many speeches on various
O Internal and foreign
themes and elements
pulled from the text. sociopolitical and security
concerns.
O Demonstrate their hidden
O It will also be useful for
objectives or specific
themes. sociocultural analysts to
comprehend the Pakistani
O Few researchers have
leadership's strategies and
looked into Imran Khan's
plans.
speeches.
O It makes it easier for
O Provides a critical
students to comprehend
knowledge of the situation
literature that are linked
with concerns of power.
 Limitations of the Study
O Qualitative method
O Imran Khan's victory speech
O Using only the Fairclough model
O Explores social events, behaviors, and social structures
qualitatively
O Data used to analyse the research's interpretative
paradigms is linked to the study's limitations
O Handling all of Imran Khan's speeches were challenging
O one speech was qualitatively assessed
O Analysis and interpretation of the speech were not good.
Literature Review
O CDA uncovers underlying ideologies and links between text
and people (Woods, 2006).
O Texts, discursive patterns, and links, as well as how they are
linked in social situations and contexts, are all described by
CDA.
O CDA looks into written and spoken texts to identify
underlying ideas and relationships between the origins of
power, dominance, racism, bias, and inequality.
O It's about the structuring and reorganization of texts in social,
political, and historical contexts.
O Any oral, textual, and multimodality (video) sources are used
as data for critical analysis (Van Dijik, 1998).
O Politics is a fight for power that
aims to implement specific
political, financial, and social
beliefs into action.
O Language is vital in this approach
since every government policy is
planned, followed, directed, and
performed by language (Horváth,
2009).
O Speeches in the political context can be
defined as public addresses delivered by
political leaders, officials, or heads of
governments in written, spoken, or video
format.
O Speeches can be delivered at any political
event or circumstance for a variety of reasons
(Zhu, & Wang, 2020).
O Fairclough (1992) discusses three levels in discourse
analysis.
a. The first stage of CDA examines the speaker's own
experience and expertise while keeping his beliefs in
mind.
b. Second, how do social relationships influence discourse,
c. Third, what does the speaker realise about reality and
identity
O He believes that language choices in a discourse, such as
lexical choice and syntactic patterns, convey a speaker's
social background and identity (Sipra & Rashid, 2013).
O According to Fairclough (1992), language shapes discourse
and various socio-political viewpoints, which leads to the
exercise of power relations.
 Research
Methodology
 Data Collection
O The script of Imran Khan’s (26th July 2018)
speech was taken from the web. https://
www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/26/imran-kha
ns-speech-in-full
O This speech was conveyed before long after
Imran Khan's winning election and chosen as
Prime minister of Pakistan.
O Subsequently this discourse has a critical part in
Pakistani legislative issues and Imran Khan's
political party's future steps in government's
democracy
 Research Design
O Theoretical perspective is Critical Discourse
Analysis (CDA)
O The data is analyzed using Fairclough's
Three-Dimensional Model of CDA
O Qualitative research, exploratory research,
was applied.
O Understand underlying facts, opinions, and
motives thoroughly.
Fairclough’s 3D Model
Data Analysis
&
Findings
O Victory speech has been divided into fourteen
sections for analysis.
O It critically examines the entire text on the
basis of three components
a. linguistic choices (text).
b. discourse practices.
c. socio-cultural practices.
O Text can be evaluated on semantic, syntactic,
morphological, and cohesion stages
(Fairclough, 2001).
O cohesive techniques
O Make speech more complete and effectively
deliver his points to persuade the public of his
point of view.
O The usage of anaphoric references throughout
the discourse binds it together.
O Sentence structures are declarative and
argumentative.
O The use of facts and figures make his message
genuine and persuasive
O leaving a lasting impression on his listeners.

For Example:

• 45 % of children have stunted growth

• We want to learn from China how they brought 700
million people out of poverty
• The other thing we can learn from China is … the
measures they have taken against corruption, how
they have arrested more than 400 ministers there.
O P.M Imran Khan has put together a lovely
montage for his speech.
O In awe-inspiring fashion, he moved from one
issue to the next.
O The entire speech was intended to be a
dialogue between Imran Khan and every
Pakistani citizen.
O He has a genuine conversational style, which
is a highly current technique for engaging
large groups of people electronically or face-
to-face.
O The era of keynote speakers and one-way
addresses is gradually obsolete.
O Using Metaphors properly is one of the
techniques to gain instinctive mind, which he
first offered by referring to "Medina" as a
reference welfare state.
O Imran Khan has unveiled his general election
manifesto with a promise to deliver,
O "Policies for the Low Income Category,"
indicating that he represents Pakistan's 'lower
middle class.
O He established common ground with all people,
O using simple instances such as female death
during pregnancy
O 2.5 crore children out of school.
O More talk about simplicity resonates with
ordinary people
O who are struggling with food, energy, and health
care and demand it from their leaders.
O Overall speech was built constructive
framework without any direct criticism to
politicians, it also connected with the three
parts of the mind successfully,
O Creating common ground
O employing rhetorical methods
O to win the audience's sub-conscious mind
during a political speech are examples of
learning for leaders.
Conclusion
&
Recommendations
O The current study demonstrates that political leaders' speeches,
particularly those delivered on special occasions such as victory
speeches, might be of considerable importance to scholars
interested in the function of language in demonstrating power
and identity.
O It also has far-reaching consequences for anyone attempting to
be public speakers in academic, political, or social settings.
O Future scholars may additionally investigate the political
leaders' conversational styles and nonverbal characteristics, as
well as assess language use in context-discourse.
O They may also contrast their past or recently delivered speeches
in various forums. These speeches can be compared to those of
other prior prime ministers to better understand the approach to
difficulties and power dynamics with other countries.