Routing and Switching

Lecturer: Eng. Mahdi Obsiyeh

ALPHA University
IT and Cypher security
Borama, Somaliland
 Chapter 6

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol (EIGRP)
 Outline

 EIGRP Concepts
 EIGRP vs IGRP
 Neighbor table, Routing table & topology table
 Troubleshooting Routing Protocols
 EIGRP Configuration
 EIGRP Overview

 Cisco proprietary protocol, advanced version of

IGRP
 Hybrid Routing protocol (best of SPF and Distance
vector)
 Supports CIDR/VLSM
 Supports multiple routed protocols independently
 Uses DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) to
calculate routes
 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EIGRP)

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an

advanced distance-vector routing protocol that is used on a computer
network for automating routing decisions and configuration. The
protocol was designed by Cisco Systems as a proprietary protocol,
available only on Cisco routers. Functionality of EIGRP was
converted to an open standard in 2013 and was published with
informational status as RFC 7868 in 2016.

EIGRP is used on a router to share routes with other routers within the
same autonomous system. Unlike other well known routing protocols,
such as RIP, EIGRP only sends incremental updates, reducing the
workload on the router and the amount of data that needs to be
transmitted.
EIGRP replaced the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(IGRP) in 1993. One of the major reasons for this was the
change to classless IPv4 addresses in the Internet Protocol,
which IGRP could not support.
 EIGRP vs. IGRP

Similarities Differences

 Both developed  EIGRP scales metric of

by Cisco IGRP by a factor of 256
 Both calculate (EIGRP=32 bits,
metrics using IGRP=24 bits)
bandwidth and  Hop count, IGRP=255,
delay EIGRP=224
 Use autonomous  EIGRP supports
system numbers CIDR/VLSM
 EIGRP offers multi-
protocol support
EIGRP Concepts and Terminology

 Like OSPF, EIGRP saves data in RAM in one of

several databases for fast availability.

 Three databases are:

 Neighbor table
 Topology table
 Routing table
 Neighbor Table

Lists adjacent routers. A table is created for each

protocol EIGRP supports. (IP, IPX)
Neighbor routers Interface and address are recorded.
Hold time information received from HELLO packets
determine if route is still accessible or route changes
need to be made.
Number of packets waiting to be sent.
 Neighbor Table

 The following fields are found in the

Neighbor Table

 Neighbor address
 Hold time
 Smooth Round-Trip Timer (SRTT)
 Queue count (Q Cnt)
 Sequence Number (Seq No)
 Topology Table

 Made up of all EIGRP routing tables from

Autonomous system.
 DUAL uses this information to determine the best
routes to a destination.
 A separate topology table is created for each
network protocol supported.
 Routing Table

 Holds best routes to each destination.

 Maintains separate table for each supported
protocol.
 Successor routes- Route selected to destination.

EIGRP Technologies
 Neighbor discovery and recovery
 Reliable Transport Protocol
 DUAL finite-state machine algorithm
 Neighbor Discovery/Recovery

•Like OSPF, EIGRP establishes neighbor

relationships.

•Establish adjacencies by sending Hello Packets

5 seconds-High-speed links >1.5MHz (default)
60 Seconds-Low-speed links <1.5MHz

•Hello Packets are multicast to address 224.0.0.10

 Establishing Adjacencies with
Neighbors

By forming adjacencies, EIGRP routers do the following:

 Dynamically learn of new routes that join their network
 Identify routers that become either unreachable or inoperable
 Rediscover routers that had previously been unreachable
 EIGRP Data Structure

The five EIGRP packet types are:

 Hello
 Acknowledgment
 Update
 Query
 Reply
 Configuring EIGRP sample

Router>en
Router#configuter terminal
Router(config)#router eigrp 101
Router(config)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#network 172.18.0 0.0.255.255
Router(config)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.2555.255
Router(config)#network 120.90.16.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#no auto-summary

Autonomous system number indicates all routers belonging to

the Internetwork. Must be the same for IGRP and EIGRP to
share information
 Verifying EIGRP

 Show IP EIGRP neighbor

Displays neighbor table
 Show IP EIGRP Interfaces
Displays EIGRP info for all interfaces running EIGRP
 Show IP EIGRP Topology
Displays feasible successors
End