Human

M igrat ion
Whee we came from, and where we're going
Human migration is the
movement of people
from one place to Hu m a n
another with the
intention of settling, Migration
permanently or
temporarily, at a new
location.
Wh y d o
pe opl e
migrate?
 Push
a n d P u ll
factors
 Push Factors
These are factors that make people want to
leave their current location or country.
Examples include war, conflict, political
persecution, economic hardship, and
environmental factors such as natural disasters
or climate change.
For instance, Syrin refugees leving their country
due to the ongoing civil war, or people
emigrating from rural areas in Mexico due to a
lack of economic opportunities. Push factors are
often negative and can force people to migrate,
rather than being a voluntary choice.
 Pull Factors
These are factors that attract people to a new
location or country.
Examples include economic opportunity, better
living conditions, family reunification, and
political stability or freedom.
For example, skilled professionals migrating to
developed countries in search of better job
prospects or retirees moving to warmer
climates.
Pull factors are often positive and can be seen
as a voluntary choice to migrate for a better
life.
The intensity of pull factors can also vary and
 Importance of Human
Migration
1.Cultural exchange: Migration facilitates the exchange of
ideas, beliefs, and cultural practices between different
regions and societies.
2.Economic development: Migration boosts productivity,
innovation, and entrepreneurship, contributing significantly

Ms. Garima Yadav

to economic development.
3.Demographic changes: igrationcan help balance
demographic disparities, creating a more balanced population
distribution.
4.Social and political implications: Migration can impact social
cohesion, nationalism, and political stability, and can lead to
challenges such as discrimination and prejudice.
5.Environmental impacts: Migration can have both positive and
negative environmental impacts, such as the spread of
invasive species or reducing population pressure on the
environment.
 Some Important Terms
Refugee: A refugee is someone who has been forced
to leave their home country due to persecution, war,
or violence, and is unable or unwilling to return due
to fear of persecution. For example, Syrians who
have fled the civil war and sought refuge in
neighboring countries or beyond are refugees.

Migrants: Migrants are people who move from one

place to another for various reasons, such as work,
study, or to be reunited with family. For example, an
Indian worker who moves to Dubai for a job is a
migrant.
1.The maximum
2.Africa number have
is the continent of migrants comeofto India
huge wave
from Bangladesh.
Emigrants: Emigrants are people who leave their
home country to settle in a new country. For
example, a British citizen who moves to Canada is
an emigrant from the UK and an immigrant in
Canada.

Internally displaced person (IDP): Someone who is

forced to flee their home and seek safety within their
own country due to conflict, violence, natural
disasters, or human-made disasters

Asylum Seeker: Someone who leaves their own

country, often for political reasons or because of
war, and who travels to another country hoping that
the government will protect them and allow them to
live there.
Immigrants: Immigrants are people who move to a
new
country with the intention of settling there
permanently.
Payments that immigrants send to family members in
their home country are called remittances. For
example, a person
who moves from Mexico to the United States with
the
intention of becoming a permanent resident is an
immigrant.

1.Leading sources of U.S. immigrants from Asia are

China, India
& Philippines
2.Mexicans represent the largest group of
Emigration nd
Immigration
What is the difference?
 Refugees
and
Asylum Seekers
 Benefits of Hosting Refugees
Cultural exchange: Hosting refugees can provide an
opportunity to learn about different cultures, traditions,
and ways of life. Learning new languages: By
interacting with refugees who speak different
languages, the host community can learn new
languages and improve their communication skills.
Building empathy: By hosting refugees, the host
community can developgreater empathy and
understanding toward people who have experienced
trauma and adversity.
Promoting peace: By providing a safe haven for
refugees, host countries can promote peace and stability
in regions that are experiencing conflict and violence.
Strengthening communities: Hosting refugees can
Types of migration
 Types of
ExteMrns.a Gl/a rIinmtae
Yrnaadatvional Migration
 Legal Migration
Illegal Migration
Environmental Migration
 Types of
Internal/Domestic
Migration
1. Rural to Urban Migration 2.
Urban to Rural Migration 3.
Urban-to-Urban Migration 4.
Rural-to-Rural Migration 5.
Short-term Migration
 Seasonal Migration
This refers to the movement of people for short periods of
time, such as agricultural workers who move to different
locations for harvesting seasons.

Return Migration
This refers to the migrants who move back to a place of origin.

Forced Migration
This refers to the movement of people who are compelled to leave their homes due to
conflict, persecution, or natural disasters.
 Brain
Drain

Link
 Causes of Brain Drain
Limited opportunities: Few job prospects and limited career
growth in their home country drive individuals to seek better
chances elsewhere. Higher wages and benefits abroad:
Attractive salaries, improved benefits, and better working
conditions in other countries lure skilled individuals away
from their home country.
Political instability and social unrest: Unstable politics and
social turbulence push skilled individuals to seek stability and
security in more politically stable nations.
Inadequate education and research facilities: Lack of access
to quality education and advanced research facilities prompts
talented individuals to pursue educational opportunities
abroad, often leading to them settling in those countries.
Better quality of life: Improved healthcare, higher living
standards, and overall better quality of life abroad motivate
How border come to be?

Link
 Benefits of National Borders:
Sovereignty and Governance: Borders protect a
country's independence and allow it to make decisions
and govern itself. Security and Defense: Borders
provide a line of defense,
regulating the movement of people and potential
threats.
Economic Control: Borders enable countries to control
trade and safeguard locl industries.
Identity and Culture: Borders preserve a country's
unique identity, language, and culture.
Resource Management: Borders facilitate efficient
resource allocation within a nation.
 Thank
You
Garima Yadav
garimay@scottishigh.com