Science

Chemistry - Key Stage 3

The Periodic Table

Lesson 10 - Group 1 Metals

Miss Willett
 Today we will be looking at:

Know where Group 1 elements are on the periodic

table
Describing properties of Group 1 elements

Describing trends in properties of Group 1 elements

Writing equations to represent Group 1 metals’

reaction with water

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In this lesson, you will need:
If you don’t have these already, find them now!

Pen
Pencil
Paper

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 Pause the video to complete your
task
What have you learnt already?

1. What is the charge of a neutron?

A neutron has a ……. charge

2. How many elements are in a compound with a name ending in ‘-ide’?

If a compound name ends in ‘-ide’, it has...

3. What is another word for property, in science

In science, another word for property..

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What have you learnt already?
1. What is the charge of a neutron?

A neutron has a no / zero charge

2. How many elements are in a compound with a name ending in ‘-ide’?

If a compound name ends in ‘-ide’, it has 2 elements

3. What is another word for property, in science

In science, another word for property is characteristic / description

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Trends in Group 1

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Group 1 metal properties

● Group 1 = the alkali metals

● They have 1 electron on their outer shell

Source:Oak

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Group 1 metal properties
Hardness

Is there a pattern (a trend) and how

would we describe it?
Group 1 element Hardness on the Moh scale

1. Write the element names in order Lithium 0.6

Sodium 0.5

Potassium 0.4
2. Look for a pattern in numbers Rhubidium 0.3
Caesium 0.2
Credit: Miss Willett

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Group 1 metal properties
Hardness

Is there a pattern (a trend) and how

would we describe it?
Group 1 element Hardness on the Moh scale

1. ‘As you move down group 1.. Lithium 0.6

Sodium 0.5

Potassium 0.4
2. ...hardness decreases from 0.6 to Rhubidium 0.3
0.2 on the Moh scale’ Caesium 0.2
Credit: Miss Willett

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Group 1 metal properties
Melting and boiling points

Is there a pattern (a trend) and how

would we describe it? Group 1 Melting point Boiling
down group 1.....’ element (°C) point (°C)
1. ‘As you move _______
Lithium 181 1342
Sodium 98 883
decrease
2. ‘.....the melting points _________ from Potassium 64 760
lithium 28°C
181°C for ________ to ________ for caesium. Rubidium 39 686
decrease
The boiling points __________ from Caesium 28 671
1342°C for lithium
_____________________ to Credit: Miss Willett
671°C for caesium
_________________.’
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Group 1 metal properties
Identify the trend for density in group 1 metals

Some hints:

Group 1 element Density g/cm3

● Which direction is your trend?
Lithium 0.53
● Increase/decrease?
Sodium 0.97
● Evidence? Potassium 0.89
● Are there any that don’t fit the trend? Rubidium 1.53
Caesium 1.87
Credit: Miss Willett
Pause the video to
complete your task

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Group 1 metal properties
Identify the trend for density in group 1 metals

★ As you move down group 1 the density

increases
Group 1 element Density g/cm3

★ from 0.53g/cm3 to 1.87g/cm3 Lithium 0.53

Sodium 0.97
★ except for potassium Potassium 0.89
Rubidium 1.53
★ whose density of 0.89g/cm3 is lower than
Caesium 1.87
sodium’s density of 0.97g/cm3.
Credit: Miss Willett

How did you do?!

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Group 1 Metals and water

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Testing chemical properties

Observation..?

● More than just looking!

● All senses that are safe

Source: pixabay

Source: pixabay Source: pixy

Source: pixy

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 Go to the worksheet to watch the video!

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What observations did you make?
Fill in the gaps in your table with the
observations (2 per box!)

Exploded Dissolved Metal: What happened Reactivity?

when it was added to 1 = most, 3 =
water? least
Turned into
Fizzed a lot
a ball Lithium

Sodium
Fizzed a bit Lilac flame
Potassium

Can you decide the order of reactivity? Pause the video to

complete your task
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What observations did you make?
Fill in the gaps in your table: How did you do?!

Metal: What happened when it was added Reactivity?

to water? 1 = most, 3 = least

Lithium
Fizzed a bit
Dissolved 3
Sodium
Fizzed a lot
Turned into a ball 2
Potassium
Exploded
Lilac flame 1
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Which metal was it?

Exploded with a
lilac flame?
Potassium!

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Which metal was it?

Fizzed and
dissolved?
Lithium!

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Which metal was it?

Fizzed and turned into a

ball?
Sodium!

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To recap...

Lithium Increasing
reactivity
Sodium
down the
Potassium group

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Equations with Group 1 metals

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What happens when group 1 metals react
with oxygen?

Lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide

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Correct me!
Find my three mistakes in this equation:

Caesium + air = caesium oxate

The caesium reacts with OXYGEN in the air

You use an ARROW, never an equals!

There are 2 reactants, so ‘-ide’

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So what should it be…?

Caesium + oxygen → caesium oxide

We can represent this as a general word equation:

Group 1 metal + oxygen → group 1 metal oxide

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So what will it be…?

Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide

Potassium + oxygen → potassium oxide

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How can we show the product as a symbol?

Lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide

Li O Li2O

● Group 1 = +1 charges
● Oxygen (group 6) = -2 charges

● You will always need 2x Group 1 to balance the charge of Oxygen!

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What are the symbols for the products of the
following:

Caesium + oxygen → Cs2O

Sodium + oxygen → Na2O

Potassium + oxygen → K2O

Group 1 = +1
Oxygen = -2

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What happens when group 1 metals react
with water?

Lithium + water→ lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

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What happens when group 1 metals react
with water?

Sodium + water→ sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

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What happens when group 1 metals react
with water?

Potassium + water→ potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

We can represent this as a general word equation:

Group 1 metal + water → group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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What are the products of the following:

Caesium + water → caesium hydroxide + hydrogen

Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

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How can we show the product as a symbol?

Lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

Li H2O LiOH H2

● Group 1 = +1 charges
● Hydroxide (OH) = -1 charges

● You will always need 1x Group 1 to balance the charge of OH!

● Hydrogen is diatomic (H2)

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What are the symbols for the products of the
following:

Caesium + water → CsOH + H2

Sodium + water → NaOH + H2

Potassium + water → KOH + H2

Group 1 = +1
Hydroxide= -1

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Reactions of group 1 metals

Complete the following word equations:

● Lithium + oxygen → __________ ________

● Sodium + oxygen → ________ ________
● _____________ + ________ → potassium oxide
● Lithium + water → __________ _________ + hydrogen
● Potassium + water → _________ _________ + ________
● __________ + _________ → sodium hydroxide + _________
Pause the video to
complete your task
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Reactions of group 1 metals

Complete the following word equations:

● Lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide

● Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide
● Potassium + oxygen → potassium oxide
● Lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
● Potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
● Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
How did you do?!
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Bringing it all together..
Consolidate your learning from today

1) Describe the trend in reactivity down group 1

2) What is your evidence for this trend?

3) What causes the fizzing when they react?

4) Hydroxides are alkaline. What colour would the water turn, after the reaction of
water + Group 1 metals, if I added universal indicator?
Pause the video to
complete the task

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Bringing it all together..
Consolidate your learning from today
How did you do?!

1) As you go down group 1, reactivity increases

2) The reactions get more vigorous; lithium fizzes in water, whereas potassium
explodes with a lilac flame

3) The fizzing is caused by hydrogen (a gas) being produced

4) Universal indicator would turn blue / purple if added to the products of group 1
metals + water

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 Where will we be going next?

Know where Group 7 elements are on the

periodic table

Describing properties of Group 7 elements

Describing trends in properties of Group 7

elements

Writing equations to represent some reactions of

Group 7
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