Interactive Session on Switch Yard

Protection

BY
K.Selvam
& Jomon.V
 CVT CVT CVT CVT

2 CORE CT 2 CORE CT 2 CORE CT 2 CORE CT

5CORE CT 5CORE CT
5CORE CT 5CORE CT

189DE2

189DE1 189-D 289-D 489-D 589-D

489-T 589-T
152 189-T 252 289-T 452 552
189CE1

189-C 289-C 489-C 589-C

BUS-B

189-B
289-B 389-B 489-B 589-B 689-B 789-B
PT
752
189AE1 289AE 389AE 489AE 589AE 689AE

189-A 289-A
689-A
389-A 489-A 589-A 789-A
BUS-A 4 CORE

389-C 689-C

PT
389-T 652 689-T
352

389-D 689-D

PT PT
Where Protections required
 For feeders
 For Bus bars
 For Equipments
 Protections for feeders
 Directional Over Current & Earth Fault
 Distance Protection
 Lightning Protection

Relays used for the above protection

For Directional O\C & E\F – ARGUS2 E.R. Make

For Distance Protection – REL511 ABB Make
For Lightning Protection – Lightning Arresters
Protections for GTG&STG Trans
 Earth fault Protection RXIG21
 Over fluxing Protection RATUB
 Differential Protection
SPAD346
 Over Current Protection
SPAJ140C
 Restricted Earth Fault Prot. RADHD
 Breaker Failure Protection RAICA
 Protections for Bus Bars
 Bus bar protection RADHA

Protections for Equipments

 Lightning Protection
 Interlocks
 Operating height in live line
 Manual earthing
 Key interlocks
 Distance Protection
 This Distance Protection was monitered by the relay REL
511 – ABB Make
 This is a high speed relay. This relay monitors the line
impedance for the over all distance. When ever there is a
change in impedance due to fault it gives trip command to
the three ph trip relay and in turn to the breaker. When
ever this relay operate Master trip relay 86 will not
activate. Directly trip command goes to the breaker via
three ph trip relay.
 The entire line was divided into 2 zones. Zone -1 is up to
80% of the line distance. Zone -2 is from 80% to 120% of
the line distance.
 After tripping, the trip values, distance, Type of fault
scrolls in the display. We have to note down and the relay
can be reset.
 In this relay, last 3 trip values, time, distance of fault,
condition before fault, during fault etc is recorded. Any
time we can review this by pressing the keys.
 Directional O\C & E\F Protection
 For Directional O\C & E\F – ARGUS2 Easun Reyrolle
Make Relay is used.
 Over Current Setting is 95% of CT Ratio adopted ie 0.95 x
600 = 570A
 Earth Fault setting is 0.2% of CT Ratio adopted
ie 0.2 x 600 = 120A Time inversely Proportional
 How to read this relay?
In the display automatically the trip signal will scroll. Note
down that. This relay gives trip command to master relay
86 and 86 flag also indicate.
 How to reset this relay?
Press the reset button for few seconds. The trip LED glows
will reset. Then Press the Master trip relay 86. The
glowing red lamp will gets off. Then the breaker can be
charged.
 Bus Bar Protection
 The Bus bar Protection is watched by the relay called
Radha
 How this relay works?
 This relay always monitors the incoming current and out
going current TO and From that Bus. Always the net
current will be ZERO. If the difference increases beyond
the set value then the relay actuates and trips all the feeders
connected in that bus.
CT supervision relay in each zone for all 3 phases
supervises the CT’s connected in that bus. In case of CT
failure This relay blocks the Radha Relay from operation.
Due to this Bus Bar protection will not act due to CT
Failure.
There are three Zones in our plant Bus -1 Bus -2 and
Check Zone.
We can also manually Block the relay on requirement by
pressing BLOCK button or select OUT in the selector
switch in the bus bar protection panel
 Local breaker Back up Protection
 50LBB – RAICA
 If the breaker failed to break the circuit during fault
condition what will happen?
Now the Local breaker backup protection will act
and gives trip command to bus bar protection of
that zone there by tripping all the breakers
connected in that zone.
 SPAJ 140C O\C & E\F RELAY
 For this relay one simulator training is there, that I will
show you
 In the display, if the number appeared by the side, then
the meaning is as follows
1. Over Current Started
2. Over Current Trip
1
3. Over Current high set Started
4. Over Current high set Trip
5. Earth Fault Start
6. Earth Fault Trip
7. Earth Fault high set Start
8. Earth Fault high set Trip
CBFP – Circuit Breaker failure Protection
IRF – Internal Relay failure.
 Supervision Relays
 196 & 296 supervises the Breaker coil. If
any failure of coil or open in circuit then
this gives alarm
 95/86A, 95/86B supervises the 86 relay
coil. Any failure this gives alarm.
 In this above 4 relays one red LED always
glows. It means trip coil is healthy.
Function of Lightning Arrester
The main function of lighting arrester is to arrest the lightning
spikes, surge voltages occurs in the line.

This lightning arresters normally offers high resistance path to

the normal voltages. Whenever high voltage with high frequency
due to lightning occurs, it drains the voltage to the earth there by
protecting the equipments

When the lightning arrester bursts the red color diaphragm in the
top and bottom found toured.
Lightning Arrester Surge Meter

This is the counter

Shows how many
Times lightning
Surges occured

This mA meter
Should Always
show value In
Green or Red
If Meter is not
Showing any
Reading then to
Be informer to
El.Maint.
 89A ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC

789AE1 OPEN
BUS –1 Not on
transfer 89AClose
89T Open
89B Open
52 Open
89AE1 Open

89T Open
89B Close
B\C Close
 89B ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC

789AE2 OPEN
BUS –2 Not on
transfer 89B Close
89A Open
52 Open
89T Open
89AE1 Open

89T Open
89A Close
B\C Close
 89C ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC

89AE1 Open
89CE1 Open 89C Close
52 Open

89D ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC

89DE1 Open
89DE2 Open 89D Close
52 Open
 789A ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC

789AE1 Open
789BE1 Open 789A Close
752 Open

789B ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC

789AE2 Open
789BE2 Open 789B Close
752 Open
 89T ISOLATOR CLOSE/OPEN LOGIC
89A Close
89B Open
All other 89AOpen

89A Open
89B Close
All other 89B Open

89C Close
89T O/C
89D Close
52 Close
B\C Close
All other 89T open
B\C open
52 Open

All other 89T open

PTS inter position
 52 BREAKER CLOSING LOGIC

89A Close
89B Close

89C Close
89D Close
52 Close
86 Reset
CVT fuse not fail
B\B Trip Reset
 752 BREAKER CLOSING LOGIC

789A Close
789B Close
86A Reset
86B Reset 752 Close

B\C Zone A trip reset

B\C Zone B trip reset
Gas pressure gauge

Operating Gas
pressure 7.2 bar
Alarm 6.4 bar
Lockout 6.2 bar
Typical photo of the 110KV
breaker
Inside the pole column sf6
gas is filled
The incoming and outgoing
bus bars are connected in the
top and middle of the pole
column.

Above this red block we

should not climb when
breaker is charged
Motor operating, spring
charging mechanism
control box

Local remote, local

operation control
box

Emergency local
trip lever
Emergency local
trip lever
Equipments Protection from Lightning
• Lightning Arresters in the Towers protects the
equipments. 45deg is effective protection Range
60deg is normal protection range.

45
60
Now Simulator Training For SPAJ 140C
..\..\SPACOM\SPAJ140C\SPAJ140C.EXE
THANK YOU