PAINTING 101

Painting

Paint is composed of three

materials:

o Pigment
o Binder
o Solvent

PBS
 Painting
Pigment: natural or synthetic
colored materials finely
ground into a granular
powder.

gemstones, clay,
minerals, plants, insects
Painting

Binder: holds the pigment

together and adheres the
paint to a surface.
Egg yolks, plastic, wax
 Painting
Solvent: added to thin or
thicken paint, slow or speed
up its drying time.
Water or oil based
(turpentine, thinners)
 Painting

Paint can be applied with a

variety of tools: brushes,
fingers, painting knives, sticks
onto a palette. Usually
applied to a canvas board or
paper.
Painting
Types of paint:

Tempera
Oil
Watercolor
Gouache
Acrylic
Encaustic
Casein
 TEMPERA
Painting
Tempera: water based, egg
binder, used prior to 1400’s,
colors cannot be mixed,
narrow range, fast-drying
 WATERCOLOR
Painting
Watercolor: most common
water-based paint, transparent.
White paint is seldom used to
lighten paint (water is used )
Light colors are applied first, then
dark, working from background
to foreground.
 ACRYLIC
Painting
Acrylic: synthetic paint with
plastic binder
recent (20th century), versatile,
similar to oil but dries faster, not
as shiny
OIL Painting
Oil: easily mixed, more
permanent, used after 1400
by most famous artists, slow-
drying, can be used in thin
layers called glazes or in thick
lumps to make an impasto
surface. Toxic.
 GOACHE
Painting
Gouache: water-based opaque
paint, it has more body and dries
more slowly than watercolor.
Similar to tempera.
 ENCAUSTIC
Painting
Encaustic: Ancient Greek
process of mixing pigments with
wax, and then ironing/heating the
mixture to a surface.
 CASEIN
Painting
Casein: uses milk protein as a
binder, glue-like consistency
 FRESCO
Painting
Fresco: mixing pigments with
plaster (walls, ceilings)
Buon “true” Fresco: paint is
bound in the wet plaster
Fresco secco: paint is applied to
dry plaster.
 Painting
TECHNIQUES

Brushstroke
Glaze
Wash
Dry brush
Wet on Wet
Drip
Splatter
Sponge
Pointillism
Layering
 Painting
TOOLS
Brushes
Palette
Palette Knife
Sticks
Bags
Fingers
Spraycan
Water/Solvent
Gesso

Paper
Canvas
Easel
 Painting a
MONOCHROMATIC
VALUE SCALE
Medium: Tempera

1) Measure and draw two

9” x 2” rectangles
2) Divide them, into 1” sections
3) Use ONE COLOR plus white
(TINTS) or black (SHADES) to
create a range of value

36 points
BE NEAT & COMPLETE