CONTEMPORARY

PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM

THE REGIONS
MS. ELEONOR L. CANLAS RN, LPT
TEACHER 1
 N D
A
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T TY S
A L E L
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H SA OC F O
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ATTENDANCE
BOYS GIRLS

 REVIEW

Give one GAMABA awardee and

his/her contribution.
 WEEK 8

MATERIAL AND
TECHNIQUES AS APPLIED
TO CONTEMPORARY ARTS
MATERIALS
Artists’ style expresses in two-dimensional art
varies in the surface that they use; the paints
that they choose and the technique they employ
to manipulate the materials.
 PAPER
Paper is the most popular surface
used for 2D artwork. Paper is an
organic medium made from
cellulose pulp derived mainly
from wood, certain grasses and
linen rags. It is processed into
flexible sheets or rolls.
 CANVAS
Canvas is made of a closely
woven heavy cloth of cotton, linen
onto which painting is done
usually in oils.
 GESSO
Gesso is a generic term that is
used for the initial coat applied to
a support before it is painted on.
The gesso allows the paint to
stick to the support for it affects
the absorbency of the support.
When the gesso dries, it creates a
matt, gritty surface that
provides adhesion for the paint.
 WOOD
Wood is known as hardboard
which is board or panel. The
advantage of wood is it offers a
more rigid surface that results in
less cracking in the paint.
Softwoods are not suitable for
painting because they contain
excess resin that cause the paint
to crack.
 WALL
Wall. This support traditionally
may be made of stone. The walls
for painting murals are made of
concrete.
CHARCOAL
Charcoal is an organic drawing
material from burnt wood.
Charcoal was said to be one of the
easiest media to learn mistakes
made in charcoal can be fixed and
reworked
GRAPHITE
Graphite such as pencil, this is
easy to use and not as messy as
charcoal, 2B, 4B, 6B and ebony
pencils result in a range of
different tones. The higher the B
number, the softer the lead and
the softer the lead, the darker
the line or tone
 BRUSH
Brush, the main function is to
transfer paint mixtures to the
surface. A common brush is made
up of a tuft of hair (usually animal
hair) fastened to a handle with a
ferrule. The function of the brush
is the same for all art activitye
Page
DIFFERENT KINDS OF
PAPER SUPPORT
LAID PAPER
Paper processed with a pattern
of parallel lines created by the
wires of the mold used for
production.
 TEXTURED PASTEL,
CHARCOAL AND CRAFT
PAPER
This type has fine irregular
texture pressed into the surface
during the process of its
manufacture.

Craft Paper
 WOVE PAPER
This is paper made on a woven
wire ‘cloth’ like a fine sieve. The
surface created is fine and
smooth with no evidence of
texture
ROUGH GRAINED
PAPER
This type has a ‘bumpy’ surface.
RESOURCE PAGE
MODIFIED PAPER
This paper has the grain which can
look subtle when shading with a
sharpened pencil.
SMOOTH-HOT PRESS
This type of paper has been hot
rolled or ’pressed’ during
production to create a very
smooth flat surface
KINDS OF
WOODS
 MASONITE
Masonite is a trademarked brand
name of a particular type of
board made from wood fibers and
glue (resin) that is molded into
a flat board.
 PLYWOOD
Plywood is made from wood
veneers which are thin layers
or slices of wood glued
together. It is industrially
produced and can be made
from local hardwoods or soft
woods.
LAMINATED BOARD
Laminated Board has mica film
on its surface to give it
resistance and strength.
FORMS OF
CHARCOAL
VINE CHARCOAL
Vine Charcoal comes in thin
sticks and is easy to blend and
erase.
COMPRESSED
CHARCOAL
Compressed Charcoal is made
up of lose charcoal pressed
into a stick. It creates a much
darker black than vine
charcoal and can be used on its
own or blended with vine
charcoal.
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF BRUSHES BY
HAIR TYPE
BRISTLE BRUSH
Bristle Brush is use for thickly
prepared paints and are
capable of spreading paints in
impasto consistencies.
 SABLE BRUSH
Sable Brush is known for its
resiliency and cause less
damage than a bristle brush.
Sable brushes can also hold a
good amount of pigment and
water.
 BRUSH
CLASSIFICATION
BY SHAPE
DOME SHAPED BRUSH
Dome Shaped Brush also known
as the wash brush or sky
brush. It covers more areas
and primarily used for painting
skies.
POINTED BRUSH
Pointed Brush these are
particularly used for making
linear markings.
FLAT BRUSH
Flat Brush this is usually ideal
for making broad strokes.
ORIENTAL BRUSH
Oriental Brush these brushes
differ from the brushes used in
the West both in the materials
used and in appearance.
 BRUSH SIZE
The sizes of the brushes are coded in numeric
designations from 000 to 8 in the French Scale and
from0to12 in the Standard English Scale.
TECHNIQUES
 DRAWING
is the process of moving an instrument over a smooth
surface to leave a mark called a line.

usually the first step in producing 2D artworks.

can be created using dry media like graphite

pencils, charcoal, crayons, pastels and chalk or wet
media like pen and ink and brushes with watercolor.
 All drawing media have
their own
characteristics:
rough lines are
produced by crayons
and chalk while pens
and graphite pencils
produced smooth lines.
ROUGH LINES SMOOTH LINES
 PAINTING
is the application of color to
a surface through the use of
tools such as brushes a
painting knife, a roller or
even the fingers.
The surface or the support is
the material to which the
paint is applied.
Painting is an art form
that began many, many
years ago. The earliest
paintings recorded were
found on the walls and
ceilings of caves. These
prehistoric paintings made
used of crushed rocks and
mixed with animal fat or
blood for paint. When art
is mentioned, it is always
associated with painting.
 A drawing resembling a human-like
figure on a cave wall in Peñablanca
town in Cagayan province is the
first to be directly dated rock art in
Southeast Asia
 SKETCHING
These are drawings done at the “spur
of the moment.” The artist puts down
on paper thought and ideas that occur
instantly. It is usually a rough,
freehand, loose drawing that is not
considered as finished work. The artist
here had visualized something which
he feels he had to immediately put-on
paper.
 SHADING
is the use of light and
shadow (degrees of values)
giving the work
characteristics of having
depth and texture.
 BASIC COMPONENTS OF PAINT
Pigments is the colored part of the paint. It may be
sourced from organic (plants) or inorganic materials
(rocks and metallic oxides). Pigments can also be
natural (from vegetables, insects, minerals or clay) or
synthetic (made from chemicals like distilling coal tars
and residues of petroleum).
Binder is the material that holds together the
grains of pigment and allows it to stick to the
painting surface. Binders are egg yolks mixed
with water, linseed oil and wax.
Solvent is the liquid that controls the thickness or
thinness of the paint. Solvents are also used to clean
paint brushes and other tools the artist may use
during the painting project.

Gouache is a water-soluble paint which is a mixture

of transparent watercolor with water soluble white
pigment. The white gives the paint an opaque body
and covering power. Gouache is also known as the
French Method. Good grades of gouache are a mixture
of watercolor and zinc white mixes.
 Tempera is neither transparent nor opaque. Its effects
depend upon the layers of semi-opaque colors. Each
layer of paint serves as a tinted undercoat for the
next layers.

The major limitations of tempera paintings lies in the

difficulty of making changes in the work and the
impossibility of blending colors on the support. Tempera
may be applied to any surface. Priming coats are not
required since the first under layer will absorb
sufficiently to serve as the ground.
 Kinds of Drawing
Life Drawing

A drawing that is based directly on the observation of the artist of

his subject. Good examples are still life drawings and figure
drawings.
 Kinds of Drawing

Emotive Drawing
A type of drawing that emphasizes the expression of different
emotions, feelings and mood.
 Perspective Drawing

A drawing in which the

artist creates 3D images on
a 2D picture plane. The
artist uses his ability to
depict the illusion of space
on a flat surface.
Shading Techniques
Hatching. This is accomplished by drawing thin lines
that runs in the same direction.
Cross-Hatching. This is accomplished by crisscrossing
lines.
Blending. This is accomplished by changing the value
little by little. From dark to medium to light and vice
versa.
Stippling. This is accomplished by using dot patterns
to create dark values.
 Different Kinds of Paints
Oil-based Paints

was first used in the 1400s. oil paints were developed

in Northern Europe where painting was initially
created using tempera (pigments mixed with egg yolk
and water). To make the painting transparent, artist
added linseed oil. This oil serve as the binder and the
solvent is turpentine.
 Water Soluble Paints

Watercolor is the most popular of all water-based paint media.

It should be remembered that water color paint layers are
vulnerable to any contacts with water. When over layers are
applied, care should be taken onto disturb the underpainting.
The under layer should be completely dry before another layer
is superimposed. Watercolor area in the painting should have
more than three overlays.
Acrylic Paints
is a fast-drying paint containing pigment suspended in acrylic
polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints are water-soluble and becomes
water resistant when dry. A finished acrylic painting can resemble
oil or water color or it can have its own characteristic.

Acrylic gesso can be applied as primer to the canvas. Acrylic can be

applied to raw canvas without any negative effect or chemical
reaction. Acrylic paints can be modified by simply adding water. Its
hardness, flexibility, texture and appearance can be altered by the
amount of water added. Acrylics have the ability to bond to different
surfaces. It can be used on paper, canvas, glass, wall and other
supports.
 Basic Techniques for Painting with Oils

Materials:
Oil paints – basic collection of colors should include
cadmium yellow, yellow ochre, cadmium red, alizarin
crimson blue, titanium white and mars black.

Solvent (Turpenoid Regular or Gamsol)

Brushes – different sizes of round, flat and bristle

brushes. Rags and jars for cleaning the brushes
 Two approaches to transparent watercolor painting

Wet-on-Dry
This technique involves the limited use of water. The support is
dry and the watercolor is applied usually through the use of the
brush. When the painting process has begun, enough time is
given for the fresh layer of paint to dry.
Wet-on-Wet
This technique involves keeping the support and the pigment
mixture in wet conditions. The work produced is soft and
diffused. The plasticity of watercolor is seen in these conditions.
 Kinds of Acrylics
Professional Acrylics
This type of acrylic paint resist chemical reaction from exposure to
water, ultraviolet light and oxygen. It has a higher carbon content
which allows for more manipulation and minor changes in color.
Student Acrylics
This has lower pigment concentration and smaller range of colors.
The color brightness is also not intense.

Scholastic Acrylics
The pigment content is less expensive and includes dyes in the
formulation. The range of colors is also limited to primary and
secondary colors.
 Is to identify the
Techniques applied
in contemporary
arts.
WHAT I HAVE The different kinds
LEARNED: of drawing and
painting.
The examples of
different paintings
in the Philippines.
ACTIVITIES AND
MORE!
 ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Write true if the statement is correct and if the statement is wrong,
change the underlined word to make the statement correct. Write your answer on
separate sheet of paper.

1.Painting is the process of moving an instrument over a smooth surface to leave a mark
called a line.
2.Pigment is a water-soluble paint which is a mixture of transparent watercolor with water
soluble white pigment.
3.Shading is the use of light and shadow (degrees of values) giving the work characteristics
of having depth and texture.
4.Emotive drawing is a drawing that is based directly on the observation of the artist of his
subject.
5.Stippling is accomplished by drawing thin lines that runs in the same direction.
 ACTIVITY 2
DIRECTIONS: Matching type: Match column A with column B. Write the correct answer on
the extra sheet of paper.
THANK
YOU!