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Pharmaceutical Engineering
(PT317)
UNIT II
(Heat Transfer)
Lecture 5
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Bloom
Course Outcome (CO) Taxonomy
Lebel (BTL)
[CO 317.1] To understand the various unit operations in pharmaceutical industries 2
[CO 317.2] To understand the material handling techniques 3
[CO 317.3] To explain different processes in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry 3
[CO 317.4] To elaborate different Unit Operations in Pharmaceutical Industry 6
[CO 317.5] To appraise various preventive methods used for corrosion control in
5
pharmaceutical industry

TLO CO BTL
Measure Rate of heat transfer though Conduction CO317.1 2,6
CO317.4

Topic: Heat Transfer through convection.

Prerequisite: Different mode of heat transfer.
Heat transfer through Convection:

CONVECTI
ON

FORCED NATURAL
CONVECTI CONVECTI
ON ON

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 Temperature Gradient in Forced Convection:

• Temperature gradient of Heat,

Heat flows from hot fluid to cold fluid
through metal wall.

The temperature gradient from the bulk of the

hot fluid to the metal wall is represented by the
line, ta; tb; tc : Where;

ta – maximum temperature in the bulk of the

hot fluid.
tb – is the temperature at the boundary.
tc – is the temperature at the interface between
the viscous film & the metal wall.
Similarly td; te; tf are on the cold fluid side.
 Temperature Gradient in Forced Convection:

Let, average temperature on hot fluid side = t1.

Average temperature on cold fluid side = t2

Let, q k.cal/hr. are flowing from hot fluid to the cold one.

Area on hot fluid side: A1

Area on Cold fluid side : A2
Average area is Am

 So, the surface coefficient on hot side, Similarly, on cold side :

 Now,

 As
 So, there are three resistance acting in series,
Resistance on Hot fluid side:

Resistance on Metal wall :

Resistance on Cold fluid side:

So,

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= Overall heat transfer coefficient.
 For tubular wall,

Since the area is proportional to diameter. When

𝑞=𝑈 1 𝐴 1 ∆𝑡
Department of pharmaceutics
1. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy. CBS Publishers &
Distributors, Sixth Edition. Chapter 12,page no:149-161.

2. Badger Banchero, Introduction to Chemical Engineering, Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Edition 1997.Chapter
4.page no 117-169.

3. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, Mc Graw Hill Education

(India) Private Limited. Seventh Edition. Chapter 10, Page no: 299-324

Department of pharmaceutics
Department of pharmaceutics