Physiology of the neonatal period.

Features of the adaptation period

(borderline, transient or physiological
state). Principles of breastfeeding
Management of a newborn after birth
• 1. Removing airway secretions
• 2. Drying the newborn
• 3. Providing warmth
• 4. Cut the umbilical cord
• 5. Determine the Apgar score at 1,5 minutes
• 6. Skin to skin contact and breastfeeding
• 7. Supplemental oxygen and neonatal resuscitation
• 8. Ophthalmic antibiotics and vitamin K
• 9. Physical exam from head to toe, as well as measurements of length and
weight.
Care after Birth and before Discharge from
Hospital
• • Promote exclusive breastfeeding
• • Maintain axillary temperature of baby between 36.5°C and 37.5°C
• • Healthy infants should be placed supine to reduce risk of sudden
infant death syndrome (SIDS)
• • Immunization before discharge: BCG, OPV zero dose, Hep B
• • Screening (if available) for diseases like hypothyroidism, cystic
fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria, galactosemia,
tyrosinemia, 21 hydroxylase deficiency
• Perinatal period: the period from the 22nd week of gestation to
the 7th day after birth
• Periviable birth – refers to delivery occurring from 20 0/7 weeks to 25
6/7 weeks, at the limit of viability
Other Conditions not Requiring any Specific Treatment

• • Subconjunctival hemorrhage.
• • Bilateral breast engorgement:
• – Also called ‘Mastitis neonatorum’
• – Seen in both male as well as female neonates on 3rd or 4th day of life
• – Due to lack of inactivation of maternal progesterone and estrogens after birth due to
• immaturity of neonatal liver
• • Vaginal bleeding
• – Seen only in female neonates, usually after 3-5 days of birth
• – Occurs due to fall in the level of sex hormones after birth when baby is disconnected
• from the placenta
• • Physiological weight loss
• – Term babies lose up to 10% of their birth weight in the first week of life which is regained
• by day 10 of life
• – Preterm babies lose up to 15% of their birth weight, regained by day 15 of life
• • Hymenal tags: In female neonates
• • Physiological phimosis: In male neonates.
 Sebacious gland
hyperplasia or milia

• Don’t confuse with miliaria-

sweat rash
Neonatal cephalic pustulosis
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis
Infantile seborrheic dermatitis