Scicent PPT 9 4 R e

9 Acids and Alkalis 中 /EN
Flipped classroom
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 1/101

9.4 Corrosive nature of acids
A. Reactions between
acids and metals
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 2/101

! Warning
Do not fill this metal flask
with acidic substances.
Why shouldn’t we store an

acidic drink in a metal flask?
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 3/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video
Reactions between
acids and metals
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 4/101

1. Label four test tubes A to D. Add dilute

hydrochloric acid to the test tubes until
they are about one-fourth full.
Rub the metal pieces with a piece of

sandpaper to remove any oxide coating.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 5/101

2.
cotton wool
magnesium
ribbon
dilute hydrochloric
magnesium
acid
ribbon
test tube A
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 6/101

3. After two minutes, touch the bottom of

the test tube. Record the observations.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 7/101

4.
burning splint
test tube A
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 8/101

5. Observe the metal in the test tube. Record

the observations.
6. Repeat Steps 2 to 5 using zinc, iron and
copper and add them to test tubes B to D
respectively.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 9/101

Results
Metal Is heat released? Is any gas produced?
magnesium yes yes

zinc yes yes
iron yes yes
copper no no
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 10/101

Results
What gas is
What happens
Metal produced (if
to the metal?
any)?
magnesium hydrogen being eaten away / corroded
zinc hydrogen being eaten away / corroded
iron hydrogen being eaten away / corroded
copper no gas is produced no change
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 11/101

Discussion
1. Which of the metals react(s) with dilute
hydrochloric acid?
Magnesium, iron and zinc
_________________________________
2. What new substance(s) is/are likely to be
produced when metals react with dilute
hydrochloric acid?
A salt and hydrogen
__________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 12/101
Discussion
3. Do you think different metals react with
dilute hydrochloric acid at the same rate?
Explain your answer.
Different metals do not react with dilute
__________________________________
hydrochloric acid at the same rate. This is
__________________________________
evident as magnesium reacts more
__________________________________
vigorously with acid than other metals.
__________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 13/101
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with some

metals
products: a salt and hydrogen
Hydrogen is colourless gas.

test with burning splint
burns with a ‘pop’ sound
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 14/101

magnesium
ribbon
Reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid

and magnesium
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 15/101
When the metal reacts with the acid

the size of the metal decreases slightly
the acid corrodes the metal
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 16/101

Acids react with some metals. A

salt
____________ hydroge
and _____________
are produced during then reaction.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 17/101

Word equations for
Extension
reactions between acids
and metals
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 18/101

Reaction between an acid and a metal

can be represented by the following
word equation:
Extension
acid + metal salt +
hydrogen
reactants products
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 19/101

Reaction between hydrochloric acid

and metals
Reactants Products
Extension
hydrochloric acid magnesium
(acid) chloride
+ (salt)
magnesium +
(metal) hydrogen
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 20/101


and metals
Reactants Products
Extension
hydrochloric acid aluminium
(acid) chloride
+ (salt)
aluminium +
(metal) hydrogen
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 21/101

Reaction between sulphuric acid

and metals
Reactants Products
Extension
sulphuric acid magnesium
(acid) sulphate
+ (salt)
magnesium +
(metal) hydrogen
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 22/101

Reaction between sulphuric acid

and metals
Reactants Products
Extension
sulphuric acid aluminium
(acid) sulphate
+ (salt)
aluminium +
(metal) hydrogen
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 23/101

The reaction between an acid and a metal
Extension
can be represented by the following word
equation:
acid + metal salt

________ + hydrogen
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 24/101

B. Reactions between acids

and building materials
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 25/101

Acids react with calcium carbonate.
Building materials such as marble and

limestone contain calcium carbonate.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 26/101

The Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre

in Hong Kong is made mainly of marble.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 27/101
The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt

is made mainly of limestone.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 28/101
Reactions between acids

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 29/101

1. Label two test tubes A and B. Add limewater

to test tube A until it is about one-fourth full.
Wear gloves when handling

acids and alkalis.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 30/101

2.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 31/101

3.
The delivery tube

should be immersed
in the limewater.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 32/101
4. Record the observations, if any, in test

tube A.
5. Observe the marble in test tube B. Record
the observations.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 33/101

6. Repeat Steps 1 to 5 using limestone

instead of marble. Use another set of
stopper with delivery tube.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 34/101

Results
Is any gas formed?
Building What happens to the
If yes, what gas is
material building material?
produced?
yes, carbon dioxide is being eaten away /
marble produced corroded
yes, carbon dioxide is being eaten away /
limestone produced corroded
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 35/101

Discussion
What new substance(s) is/are likely to be
produced when building materials react with
dilute hydrochloric acid?
A salt, carbon dioxide and water
_____________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 36/101

Acids react with calcium carbonate

products: a salt, carbon dioxide and
water
Carbon dioxide is colourless gas.

test with limewater
turns limewater milky
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 37/101

dilute
hydrochloric
acid
chalk (a form
of limestone)
Reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid

and chalk (a form of limestone)
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 38/101
We should avoid using acidic cleaners to

clean marble surfaces
acids will corrode the material

Substances containing calcium carbonate:
•pearls
•seashells
•eggshells
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 39/101

Activity 9.5
Making a ‘rubber egg’

with vinegar
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 40/101

Activity 9.5
1. Place an egg in a beaker of tap water.
2. Place an egg in a beaker of vinegar.
What do you
observe?
Gas bubbles
_____________ tap vinegar
formed.
_____________ water eggs
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 41/101

Activity 9.5
3. Leave the eggs for two days.
4. Remove the eggs from the beakers.
Wash them with water.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 42/101

Activity 9.5
5. Observe the egg soaked in vinegar.
(a) Is there any eggshell remaining on the
egg?
No
_______________________________
(b) Touch the egg gently. How does it
Rubbery
feel?
_______________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 43/101

Activity 9.5
6. Observe the egg soaked in tap
water.
(a) What do you observe?
The eggs remains unchanged.
_______________________________
(b) What is the purpose of putting the egg
in tap water?
It acts as the control to compare the
_______________________________
results.
_______________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 44/101
• Building materials such as marble and

limestone contain calcium carbonate,
which reacts with acids.
• Acids react with calcium carbonate.
salt
A ____________ carbon dioxide
, ________________
water
and _______________ are produced
during the reaction.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 45/101

Word equations for
Extension
reactions between acids
and carbonates
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 46/101

Reaction between an acid and a

carbonate can be represented by
the following word equation:
Extension
reactants
acid + carbonate
salt + carbon dioxide + water
products
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 47/101
Extension
Calcium carbonate
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 48/101

and calcium carbonate
Reactants Products
Extension
hydrochloric acid calcium chloride
(acid) (salt)
+ +
calcium carbonate carbon dioxide
(carbonate) +
water
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 49/101
Reaction between sulphuric acid and

calcium carbonate
Reactants Products
Extension
sulphuric acid calcium sulphate
(acid) (salt)
+ +
(carbonate) +
water
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 50/101
Reaction between nitric acid and

calcium carbonate
Reactants Products
Extension
nitric acid calcium nitrate
(acid) (salt)
+ +
(carbonate) +
water
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 51/101
The reaction between an acid and a
Extension
carbonate can be represented by the
following word equation:
salt +
________
acid +
carbon dioxide +
carbonate
water
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 52/101

9.4 e-Checkpoint 9.4
1. Mr. Wong wanted to cook a pot of pork

knuckles and ginger stew for his wife,
who had just given birth to a baby. He put
all the ingredients and plenty of vinegar
into a metal pot for cooking.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 53/101

Let me cook a pot Oh! Why is the

of pork knuckles pot damaged?
and ginger stew for
you.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 54/101

Why was the metal pot damaged after

cooking pork knuckles and ginger stew?
The acids in port knuckles and ginger stew
____________________________________
reacted with the metal pot.
____________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 55/101

2. What happens when a piece of marble is

added to dilute nitric acid?
A. Carbon dioxide is produced.
B. Hydrogen is produced.
C. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen are
produced.
D. Oxygen is produced. A
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 56/101

E 3. Complete the following word equations.

(a) hydrochloric acid + aluminium
 aluminium chloride
hydrogen
+ ________________
(b) hydrochloric acid + zinc
zinc chloride
 _________________ + hydrogen
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 57/101

E 3. Complete the following word equations.

calcium carbonate
(c) sulphuric acid + _________________
 calcium sulphate + carbon dioxide
+ water
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 58/101

C. Acid rain
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 59/101

1. Causes of acid rain
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 60/101

Natural rainwater
slightly acidic
pH value of about 5.6
If rainwater is more acidic than it should

be
 acid rain
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 61/101

Main cause of acid rain: human activities

burning fossil fuels
releases a lot of air pollutants including
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides
acidic gases
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 62/101

dissolve in
water droplets
sulphur dioxide sulphuric acid
dissolve in
water droplets
nitrogen nitric acid
oxides
Acidic droplets join to form clouds and
fall as acid rain.
Animation
(Formation of
acid rain)
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 63/101

Fossil fuels contain sulphur impurities.
Burning fossil fuels

causes sulphur to react with oxygen
produces sulphur dioxide
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 64/101

Activity 9.6
Reaction between sulphur

and oxygen in the air
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 65/101

Activity 9.6
Your teacher will perform this activity with a
few matches. Sulphur is one of the
chemicals present in the match head.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 66/101

Activity 9.6
Your teacher will:
1. Set up the apparatus as shown below.
plasticine
match
blue litmus
solution
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 67/101
Activity 9.6
Your teacher will:
2. Ignite the matches and cover the beaker
with a watch glass.
3. Shake the beaker carefully when the
matches stop burning.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 68/101

Activity 9.6
1. What happens to the blue litmus solution?
It turns red.
___________________________________
2. Explain any observable change of the blue

litmus solution.
Sulphur dioxide, which is an acidic gas, is
___________________________________
produced when the matches burn in air.
___________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 69/101

Natural causes of acid rain

A small portion of the
sulphur dioxide that
causes acid rain comes volcano
from natural sources.
For example, erupting
volcanoes emit sulphur
dioxide.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 70/101

sulphur dioxide
Burning fossil fuels produces ______________
nitrogen oxides These acidic gases make
and ______________.
the rainwater more acidic. As a result, acid rain
is formed.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 71/101

2. Effects of acid rain

on the environment and
living things
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 72/101

Acidic gases may be spread by wind

over long distances, making acid rain
a problem for everyone.
Do you know what environmental
problems are associated with acid
rain?
Animation
(Effect of acid
rain)
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 73/101

Corroding metal objects

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 74/101

Acid rain corrodes metal objects such as

iron fences, bridges and motor car bodies.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 75/101

Acid rain corrodes building materials and

statues made of metals or marble.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 76/101

Damaging plants
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 77/101

Acid rain
may destroy leaves of plants
cannot carry out photosynthesis
die
dissolves and washes away the nutrients
in soil
not enough nutrients for plant growth
poor growth or even die
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 78/101
A forest that has been destroyed

by years of acid rain
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 79/101
Acid rain
increases the acidity of soil
many plants cannot grow well in
acidic soils
How do soils of different

acidities affect the growth
of plants?
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 80/101

Investigating the effect

of acidic solutions of
different pH values on
the growth of seedlings
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 81/101

1.
cotton
wool 10
A B seedlings C D
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 82/101

2.
solution solution solution distilled
of pH 1 of pH 3 of pH 5 water
A B C D
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 83/101

3. Place the cups near the window of the

laboratory.
4. Repeat Step 2 every two days in order to
keep the cotton wool moist.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 84/101

5. After six days, measure the average height

of the seedlings in each plastic cup. Record
your observations.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 85/101

Results
Cup A Cup B Cup C Cup D

pH 7
Solution pH 1 pH 3 pH 5
(distilled water)
Average
height of (Answers depend on the
seedlings solutions and seedlings used.)
after 6 days
(cm)
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 86/101
Discussion
1. In which solution do the seedlings grow
the fastest in terms of their average
height?
Distilled water
_________________________________
2. How do solutions of different acidities
affect the growth of seedlings?
They slow down the growth rate of
__________________________________
seedlings.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 87/101
Discussion
3. State TWO other factors that may also
affect the growth of seedlings.
Temperature/oxygen/water
__________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 88/101

Causing harm to aquatic life
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 89/101

Acid rain
increases the acidity of the water
most aquatic life cannot survive
dissolves minerals in soil

minerals being washed away and
carried into rivers and lakes
harmful and slow down the growth and
reproduction of aquatic life
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 90/101
This lake has been badly affected by acid

rain and can no longer support aquatic
Aristo
life.
9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 91/101
Activity 9.7
Does acidic water affect

the survival of aquatic life?
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 92/101

Activity 9.7
When water becomes highly acidic, aquatic
life cannot survive. The chart on the next
slide shows the pH range of water within
which five types of aquatic animals can
survive.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 93/101

Activity 9.7
Clams
Crayfish
Frogs
Salamanders
Snails
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pH value
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 94/101

Activity 9.7
Answer the following questions based on the
information provided in the chart.
1. Which of the above animals can withstand
the lowest pH value?
Frogs
___________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 95/101

Activity 9.7
2. If the pH value of the water in a lake falls
below 5.6, which of the above animals
cannot survive?
Clams, crayfish and snails
__________________________________
3. What is the effect of increasing the acidity
of water on the above animals?
Fewer animals can survive as the acidity
__________________________________
of water increases.
__________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 96/101
Acid rain corrodes metal objects and

building materials, damages plants,
and causes harm to aquatic life.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 97/101

Problems arising from ocean acidification

The rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes major
environmental problems, including global warming and
ocean acidification.
Carbon dioxide dissolves in sea
water to produce carbonic acid.
The increasing amount of
carbonic acid causes the sea
water to become more acidic. Coral has been bleached
 ocean acidification due to ocean
acidification.
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 98/101
Problems arising from ocean acidification

Choose a marine organism and search for information
about how ocean acidification affects it. Prepare a
presentation to your class.
See Textbook p.60.
clownfish sea urchin clams

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 99/101
1. Explain how acid rain is formed.

Acid rain is formed when acidic gases
__________________________________
like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
__________________________________
dissolve in rainwater.
__________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 100/101

2. Suggest THREE examples by which acid

rain affects the environment.
Acid rain can corrode metal objects and
_________________________________
building materials.
_________________________________
It will cause damage to plants.
_________________________________
It will also cause harm to aquatic life.
_________________________________
Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 101/101

Scicent PPT 9 4 R e

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Scicent PPT 9 4 R e

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9 Acids and Alkalis 中 /EN

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 1/101

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 2/101

Why shouldn’t we store an

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 3/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 4/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

1. Label four test tubes A to D. Add dilute

Rub the metal pieces with a piece of

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 5/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 6/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

3. After two minutes, touch the bottom of

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 7/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 8/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

5. Observe the metal in the test tube. Record

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 9/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Metal Is heat released? Is any gas produced?

magnesium yes yes

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 10/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 11/101

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Experiment 9.9 Watch the Expt. video

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with some

Hydrogen is colourless gas.

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 14/101

Reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid

When the metal reacts with the acid

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 16/101

Acids react with some metals. A

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 17/101

Word equations for

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 18/101

Reaction between an acid and a metal

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 19/101

Reaction between hydrochloric acid

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 20/101

Reaction between hydrochloric acid

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 21/101

Reaction between sulphuric acid

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 22/101

Reaction between sulphuric acid

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 23/101

The reaction between an acid and a metal

acid + metal salt

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 24/101

B. Reactions between acids

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 25/101

Acids react with calcium carbonate.

Building materials such as marble and

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 26/101

The Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre

The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt

Experiment 9.10 Watch the Expt. video

Reactions between acids

Aristo 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Slide 29/101

Experiment 9.10 Watch the Expt. video