HTT280
Topic 1: Introduction to
Geography & Culture
Sulaiha Mohd Isa
Siti Aisah Binti Abas
Mohamad Daim Darson
Mohd Faisal Bin Abdul Wahab
Learning Objectives
Identify the continents of the world and its respective
countries.
Understand the elements of geography.
Describe the themes of geography.
Investigate the importance of cross culture in tourism.
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO WORLD MAP
1.1 CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD AND THE
COUNTRIES
2.0 THE ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY
2.1 LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE
2.2 WORLD HEMISPHERE
2.3 INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONE
3.0 THE CHARACTERISTIC OF GEOGRAPHY IN TOURISM
3.1 LOCATION
3.2 PLACE
4.0 PEOPLE AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTIC
4.1 DEFINITIONS
4.2 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
4.3 IMPORTANCE OF CROSS CULTURE IN TOURISM
5.0 RECOGNITION OF TOURISM ATTRACTIONS AND SITES
5.1 WORLD HERITAGE SITES BY UNESCO
5.2 SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
6.0 QUIZ
REFERENCES
Continents of the World & the
Countries
6th largest continent in the world.
Europe
World's largest
continent in the
3rd largest continent world. Asia
in the world.
North
America
2nd largest
continent in the
4th largest world.
continent in the Africa
world. South
America Oceania
5th largest continent Smallest continent in
in the world. the world.
Antartica
The Elements of Geography
LONGITUDE
WORLD INTERNATIONA
AND
HEMISPHERE L TIME ZONE
LATITUDE
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Longitude and Latitude
North latitude Latitude Longitude
West longitude 0°Longitude
=
Prime Meridian
0°Latitude
=
Greenwich
East longitude
South latitude
Prime Meridian
World Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
Western
Eastern
Southern Hemisphere
Basically, the world is divided into 2 hemisphere. They are Northern and Southern
hemisphere, and, Western and Eastern hemisphere.
International Time Zone
Westward Eastward
Following day Preceding day
180° = international date line
The Characteristics of Geography
LOCATION PLACE &
SPACE
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Location
TYPE ABSOLUTE RELATIVE GEOGRAPHIC
Precise point on earth External characteristic Combination of
DEFINITION using mathematical that examines location of absolute and relative
grid system. a place to other places. location.
• Distance with other
• A latitude and places • Exact location
longitude (a global • Signboard
combined with
location) • Analyze of
accessibility, isolation, other related/
• A street address
potential for contact, connected places.
(local location).
tourist perception, etc
EXAMPLE
Place and Space
CLIMATE
VEGETATION LANDFORM
(KOPPEN SYSTEM
Tropical Forest Mountain
Grassland Valley
Dry Canyon
Arid Plateaus
Mesothermal Humid Tundra Desert
Island
Lake
Microthermal Humid
Ocean
Coast
Polar River
Plain
Peninsula
Tropical Climate
General characteristics:
• Humid
• No winter
• High temperature
TROPICAL RAIN • Heavy rainfall TROPICAL
FOREST CLIMATE SAVANNA CLIMATE
• Hot, wet and • Dry winters
humid all year • Wet summers
round • Located in the
• Rains daily tropics just beyond
• Direct sun keeps the tropical
the temperatures rainforest
high • Little change in
• Found in the temperature which
equator region is always high
Dry Climate
DESERT CLIMATE
• Hot days
• Cool to cold nights
• There is little to no rain in this climate
• Rainfall less than 10 inches per year
• Therefore it is very dry
• Deserts cover about 1/5 of the earth’s surface
STEPPE CLIMATE
• Semiarid
• Dry areas that border deserts
• Very little rainfall only about 10 to 20 inches per year
• These areas have very little rainfall only about 10 to 20 inches
per year
• Have greater amount of vegetation than true desert
Mesothermal Humid Climate
General characteristics:
• Warmer temp (latitude location)
• Moderate (water & winds–west coast)
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
• Mild, rainy, moist winters with hot dry summers
• Hot temperature in summer (100°)
• Mild winters (rarely below 32°f)
MARINE WEST COAST CLIMATE
• Cool summers with mild winters
• Heavy rains in the winter
HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE
• Rain falls all year with heavy thunderstorms in the
summer
• Winters are shorter
• Mild summers are hot and humid
Microthermal Humid Climate
General characteristics:
• Cooler winters
HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE
• Cold snowy winters
• Alternate with warm (exceed 80°F)
• Humid summer conditions
• Cool to warm summers with some rain every month
Polar Climate (High Latitude)
SUBARCTIC CLIMATE
• Long very cold winters
• Short cool summers
TUNDRA CLIMATE
• Long bittery cold winters
• Very short cool summers
• Summers get constant light but little heat from the sun
POLAR ICE CAP CLIMATE
• Always covered with snow and ice
• Bitterly cold all year around
• Little to no precipitation
HIGHLAND CLIMATE
• Mountain areas
• The higher in altitude the cooler the air temperature
Vegetation
FORES
T
Tropical forest Coniferous forest Deciduous forest
GRASSLAND
Steppes Savannas Prairies
Vegetation
ARID
Xerophytic Cacti
TUNDRA
Low shrubs Moss Short grass
Willows Lichens
Land Form
Peninsulas Mountains Valleys
The area of flat land that stretches for miles Surface that is much higher than Lowland that lies between higher lands
the land around it such as mountain ranges
Canyon
Plains
A deep valley with very steep
The area of flat land that stretches for sides
miles.
Land Plateaus
River
Form
A flat area higher than the land
A long flowing body of water. around it
Coast Deserts
The area where the ocean A hot dry place with little or no
touches the land. rainfall
Ocean Lakes Islands
The largest bodies of water on Water that is completely A piece of land that is completely
earth. surrounded by land. surrounded by water
People and Cultural Characteristics
Definitions
Importance of
Elements of cross culture in
culture tourism
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Definitions
Relating to a belief
The habits, system about
outlook, education, ultimate realities
religion etc. of a Religion which directs
particular group. behavior towards
an ideal life
Culture
Any group of people
Large group of people (or, less commonly,
with common ancestry plants or animals)
and inherited physical living together in a
characteristic Race group and constituting
a single related,
interdependent
community.
Society
Elements of Culture
ELEMENTS DEFINITION
VALUES Influence behavior and bring order to society
ATTITUDES Manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc., with regard to a person or
thing
MANNERS A way of behaving towards others such as behavior conduct.
CUSTOMS
Way of life specific to a particular society, place or time.
MATERIAL ELEMENTS Man-made objects or the results of technology and is directly related to how
a society organizes its economic activity.
AESTHETICS Pertains to a culture’s sense of beauty and good taste and is expressed in the
arts, drama and music dance.
Importance of Cross Culture in
Tourism
To continue traditional practices such as festive, religious occasion and
ritual.
Plays an important role in a community participation that will bring
everybody close together and encourage unity. Parents responsible to instill
values and culture to their children.
Re-examine own lifestyles and way of life.
The way we live, behave, communicate and relate to one another as
individuals for worthy of respect.
Understanding, managing, appreciating and maximizing the benefits of
cultural differences is a critical factor for the success of global business.
Recognition of
Tourism Attraction and Sites
WORLD HERITAGE SEVEN WONDERS
SITES BY UNESCO OF THE WORLD
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World Heritage Sites By UNESCO
Definition
A natural or man-made site, area, or structure recognized as being of outstanding
international importance and therefore as deserving special protection. Sites are
nominated to and designated by the World Heritage Convention (an organization of
UNESCO).
c e
Importan
[Link]
Seven Wonders Of The World
Definition
7 structures considered by ancient and medieval scholars to be the most wondrous of the
ancient world.
r re c o g nition:
o
Criteria f
• TIME SPAN
• SRUCTURE QUALITY
• GEOGRAPHIC DIMENSION
• ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL VALUE
• RECOGNITION FACTOR
• DIVERSITY
• AUTHORITY
[Link]
ion-campaign/criteria-for-candidacy-rules/
List Of Seven Wonders
ANCIENT WORLD NEW 7 WONDERS
Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt Christ Redeemer at Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Iraq Great Wall of China, China
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Turkey Machu Picchu, Peru
Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece Petra, Jordan
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus , Turkey Pyramid at Chichén Itzá, Yucatán
Peninsula, Mexico
Colossus of Rhodes, Mediterranean Sea Roman Colosseum at Rome, Italy
Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt Taj Mahal at Agra, India
Quiz
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References
Hudman, L. & Jackson, R. (2003); Geography of Travel and Tourism, 4th
Edition; Delmar Cengage Learning, New York.
Helen Fitz Gerald, 2002; Cross-Cultural Communication for the Tourism and
Hospitality Industry; Hospitality Press, Pearson, Australia.
[Link]
[Link]
aign/criteria-for-candidacy-rules/
