Data Communication and Computer Network

The Internet
 Group Members

Name ID
Md. Morshed Alam 12005007
Mehedi Hasan 12005033
Md. Fahim Muntasir 12005048
Md. Sobuj Hossain 12005026
Kamrul Hasan 12005018
Md: Habibur Rahman 12005022
Iftekar Uddin Ahmed Asif 12005016
Sajib Chandra Das 12005015
Naymul Islam 12005057
Md. Amran 12005037
01
Md. Morshed Alam
ID-12005005
 Basic elements of a communication system.
 Data transmission models.
 Data Transmission speed.
 Basic elements of a communication system

Communication is the process of transferring a message from one point to another.

Three basic elements of any communication system are,

A sender

A medium

A Receiver
 Data transmission models

The three model of data transmission are

Simplex

Half- duplex and

Full-duplex
Simplex
 Transmits data in one direction only
 It is suitable for connecting send-only (such as kickboard) or receipt only.
Half-duplex
 Transmits data in both directions, but in only One Direction at a time.
 It is suitable for voice communication system.
Full-duplex
 It allows data to flow in both directions simultaneously.
 By eliminating switching delay it improves efficiency.
 Data transmission speed

 It is defined as a Bandwidth system which refers to data transmission rate.

 Bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps) also called baud.

Based on data transmission speeds , three basic categories of communication channels,

1.Narrow band.
 Speed in the range of 45 to 300 baud.
 Such as telegraph lines.
2.Voice -band
 Speed up to 9600 baud or bps.
 Major application in voice communication
3.Broadband
 Speed of 1 million or more baud.
 Major use in high-speed computer-to- computer communication, data
transmission to several devices simultaneously.
 Cost of data transmission service increases wit speed.
02
Mehedi Hasan
ID-12005033
 Data transmission Media
 Data transmission Media

Twisted
Pair Cable
Coaxial
Data
Guided Cable
transmission
media Unguided Optical
media Fiber Cable
 Twisted Pair Cable

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):

Advantages:
⇢ Least expensive
⇢ Easy to install
⇢ High-speed capacity
Disadvantages:
⇢ Susceptible to external interference
⇢ Lower capacity and performance in comparison to STP
⇢ Short distance transmission due to attenuation
Applications:
Used in telephone connections and LAN networks
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
Advantages:
⇢ Better performance at a higher data rate in comparison to UTP
⇢ Eliminates crosstalk
⇢ Comparatively faster
Disadvantages:
⇢ Comparatively difficult to install and manufacture
⇢ More expensive
⇢ Bulky
Applications:
The shielded twisted pair type of cable is most frequently used in extremely cold climates, where
the additional layer of outer covering makes it perfect for withstanding such temperatures or for
shielding the interior components.
Coaxial Cable
Advantages:
• High Bandwidth
• Better noise Immunity
• Easy to install and expand
• Inexpensive
Disadvantages:
• Single cable failure can disrupt the entire network

Applications:
Radio frequency signals are sent over coaxial wire. It can be used for cable television signal
distribution, digital audio (S/PDIF), computer network connections (like Ethernet), and feedlines that
connect radio transmitters and receivers to their antennas.
Optical Fiber Cable
Advantages:
• Increased capacity and bandwidth
• Lightweight
• Less signal attenuation
• Immunity to electromagnetic interference
• Resistance to corrosive materials
Disadvantages:
• Difficult to install and maintain
• High cost
• Fragile
Applications:
• Medical Purpose: Used in several types of medical instruments.
• Defence Purpose: Used in transmission of data in aerospace.
03
Md. Fahim Muntasir
ID-12005048
 Digital and Analog data Transmission
Digital and Analog data Transmission
 Modulation & Demodulation

Modulation Demodulation
Types of Modulation
 Modem

Modem is short for MOdulator/DEModulator

Special device used for conversion of digital data to analog form (modulation) and vice-versa (demodulation)
Factors for Modem Selection
1. Transmission speed
2. Internal versus external
3. Facsimile facility
4. Error correction
5. Data compression
04
Md. Sobuj Hossain
ID-12005026
 Network Topologies
 Discussion Topics

Network Topologies
1.Star Topology
2.Ring Topology
3.Mesh Topology
4.Bus Topology
5.Hybrid Topology
 Network Topologies
• A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and
connections in a network..
• such as: Star Topology, Ring Topology, Mesh Topology, Bus Topology, Hybrid
Topology etc.
Choice of a topology for a computer network depends on a combination of factors
such as
1. Desired performance of the system.
2 Desired reliability of the system.
3. Size of the system.
4. Cost of components and services required to implement the network.
5. Availability of communication lines.
6. Acceptable delays in routing information between two nodes
 1.Star Topology

 A star topology is a network configuration in which all devices are connected to a central hub or switch.
 In this topology, each device, such as computers, printers, or other networked equipment, has its cable connecting to
the central hub.
 The central hub is responsible for managing and directing data traffic between devices. It can use on LAN networks due
to its low cost and ease of setup.
 1.Star Topology
Advantages of Star Topology
1. Network failure prevention
2. Performance Up gradation

Disadvantages of Star Topology

3. Expensive.
4. Slow connection
 2.Ring Topology

 Ring topology is a type of network configuration where devices are connected in a circular manner, forming a
closed loop.
 In this setup, each device is connected to exactly two other devices, creating a continuous pathway for data
transmission.
 This means that data travels in only one direction around the ring, passing through each device until it reaches its
destination
 2.Ring Topology

Advantages of Ring Topology

1. Token system
2. Less Cabling.
3. Easier troubleshooting

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

4. Difficult to upgrade
5. Failure of a network
 3.Mesh Topology

 A mesh topology is a type of network configuration where every device or node in the
network is connected to every other device.
 In other words, it's a full-mesh network where there is a direct point-to-point
connection between each pair of devices
 3.Mesh Topology

Advantages of Mesh Topology

1. Consistent
2. High-speed information exchange
3. Easier reconfiguration

Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

4. It can be expensive to implement because each node needs its own dedicated
connection to every other node in the network. This can make mesh topology
impractical for large networks.
5. Mesh topology can be complex to configure and manage.
 4.Bus Topology

 A bus topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all the nodes are connected to a single
cable.
 The cable to which the nodes connect is called a "backbone". If the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails.
 Depending on the type of computer network car, a coaxial cable or network cable is used to connect them
together.
 4.Bus Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology

1. Less cabling
2. Small network
3. Upgradeable

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

4. Reduced signal strength
5. Core failure
6. Low security
 5.Hybrid Topology

 It is the combination of two or more different topologies. The objective of a hybrid topology is to
leverage the strengths of various topologies to create a network that best suits the specific requirements
of an organization.
 For example, in an University we have so many departments, one department uses ring topology and
another department uses Star topology, connecting these two topologies which results in Hybrid
Topology.
 5.Hybrid Topology
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
1. Multiple advantages
2. Scalable
3. Traffic
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
4. Expensive
5. Complex design
05
Kamrul Hasan
ID-12005018
 Network types
 Roles of a communication protocol
 Types of Networks

There are several different types of computer networks. Computer networks can be characterized by
their size as well as their purpose.

Some of the different networks based on size are:

1. Personal area network, or PAN
2. Local area network, or LAN
3. Metropolitan area network, or MAN
4. Wide area network, or WAN
 Personal area network

PAN is a personal area network having an interconnection of personal technology devices to communicate over a short
distance. It covers only less than 10 meters or 33 feet of area.
 Local Area Network

LAN or Local Area Network connects network devices in such a way that personal computers and workstations can
share data, tools, and programs. The group of computers and devices are connected together by a switch, or stack of
switches.
 Metropolitan Area Network

A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or
small region. A MAN is larger than a LAN. Example of a MAN are part of the telephone company network that can
provide a high-speed DSL line to the customer or the cable TV network in a city
 Wide Area Network

A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can
contain multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs. The Internet is the best-known example of a public WAN.
 Private Networks

One of the benefits of networks like PAN and LAN is that they can be kept entirely private by
restricting some communications to the connections within the network. This means that those
communications never go over the Internet.
 Roles of communication protocol

A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications
system to transmit information via any variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules,
syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols
may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both.

There are several roles of communication protocol. Such as

1. Data scanning
2. Data routing
3. Data formatting
4. Flow control
5. Error control
6. Data security
06
Md: Habibur Rahman
ID-12005022
 Inter networking Tools,
 Issues in wireless computing system
 Internet working tools

There are 3 internet working tools used commonly to inter connect two or more net works to form a single net
work are :

Bride
Router Gateway
 Wireless computing system

There are two types of wireless computing system. These are

1. Fixed wireless system

2. Mobile wire less system
 Issues in wireless computing system

1. Lower bandwith
2. Variable bandwith
3. Higher error rate
4. Increased security concern
5. Dynamically changing network
6. Lost or degraded connection
07
Iftekar Uddin Ahmed Asif
ID-12005016
 Wireless Technologies
 Wireless Technologies

Wireless technologies refer to communication technologies that enable the transmission of data, information, or
signals without the need for physical wires or cables.

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): Wi-Fi is a widely used technology for local wireless networking. It allows devices like
computers, smartphones, and smart home devices to connect to the internet and communicate with each other
over short distances using radio waves.

Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology primarily used for connecting like headphones,
keyboards, and mice to devices like smartphones and computers.

Cellular Networks: Cellular networks, such as 4G (LTE) and 5G, provide wireless connectivity over long distances
and are used for mobile phone communication, mobile internet access, and machine-to-machine
communication in IoT (Internet of Things) applications.

RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): RFID technology uses radio waves to identify and track objects or people.
It has various applications, including inventory management, access control, and contactless payment system.
Satellite Communication: Satellite communication involves wireless transmission of data via satellites in orbit
around the Earth. It’s used for global communication, including TV broadcasting, internet access in remote
areas, and military applications.

Wireless Charging: Wireless charging technologies allow devices to charge without physical connections. This
is commonly used for smartphones, smartwatches, and other portable electronics.

UWB (Ultra-Wideband): UWB technology offers high-speed, short-range wireless communication. It is used in
applications like precise location tracking and data transfer.

These wireless technologies have revolutionized the way we communicate, access information,
and control various devices in our modern world.
08
Sajib Chandra Das
ID-12005015
 Internet definition and It's Basic services
09
Naymul Islam
ID-12005057
 World Wide Web
 WWW browsers
 World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web, also known as the Web, is an information system that enables
content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly ways meant to appeal to
users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists. It allows documents and other web
resources to be accessed over the Internet according to specific rules of the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
 How does the World Wide Web work?

The World Wide Web is made up of three main components:

Web servers

Web browsers

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

 What are the benefits of the World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web has many benefits, including

Access to
information

Communication

Collaboration

Entertainment

Commerce
 What are WWW browsers?

A web browser is a software application for accessing the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page
from a web server, the browser downloads the HTML code and other files that make up the web page and
displays them to the user.
Popular web browsers include:

Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox

Microsoft Edge

Apple Safari
10
Md. Amran
ID-12005037
 Major elements of Internet search engines
 Uses of internet
আতাও
Thank you