thermochemistry

Group Four
 thermochemistry
Thermochemistry deals with heat (energy) changes in
chemical reactions. In chemical reactions, heat is released or
absorbed. If the reaction absorbs heat, we call them
endothermic reactions; if the reaction releases heat, we call
them exothermic reactions.
 Endothermic Reaction
In endothermic reactions, potential energy of
reactants is lower than potential energy of
products. To balance this energy difference,
heat is given to reaction.

Exothermic Reaction
In these reactions, the potential energies of
reactants are higher than the potential energies
of products. The excess amount of energy is
written on the right side of the reaction to
balance the energy difference.
Enthalpy and Thermochemical Reaction

Enthalpy Change
• Gained or lost heat in reactions under
constant pressure

Enthalpy
• the total kinetic and potential energy of
particles of matter.
• denoted by the letter "H".
• Enthalpy of matters cannot be
measured however enthalpy change
can be measured.
Enthalpy and Thermochemical Reaction

HR
• Enthalpy of Reactant
HP
• Enthapy of Product
∆H=HP-HR
• Change in Enthalpy
HP<HR
• Enthalpy change becomes negative
HP>HR
• Enthalpy change become positive

• Note: Enthalpy change depends on temperature and pressure. Thus, you should compare
enthalpy changes of reactions under same temperature and pressure. Enthalpy change
under 1 atm pressure and 25 C temperature is called standard enthalpy change
 Thermochemical Reaction
Reactions showing both changes of matters and energy are called
thermochemical reactions. Examples of thermochemical reactions;

Endothermic Reaction

Exothermic Reaction
 Hess’ Law
Hess' law states that you can sum one more than one
reaction to form a new reaction. While doing this, you
apply the same changes also on enthalpy changes of used
reactions. The following examples show Hess' law in
detail.
Qoute of the Day
You don’t always get what you
wish for; You get what you
work for
Thank You!!!
Quiz 1
Set A

Identification

2. If the reaction ( ) heats, we call them an endothermic reaction.

6. It is the total kinetic and potential energy of particles of matter.
3. If the reaction is exothermic, it ( ) heats.
9-10. Enthalpy change under ( ) pressure and ( ) temperature
is called standard enthalpy change.

Endothermic or Exothermic Reaction

1.2H2O(g) —> 2H2(g) + O2(g); ∆H = 116 kcal
2.C(s) + O2(g) —> CO2(g); ∆H = -94 kcal
3.N2(g) + O2 (g) + Heat —> 2NO(g)
4.Solid -→ Liquid —> Gas
5.Gas —> Liquid —> Solid

Hess’ Law
N2 + O2 —> 2NO, ∆H =
Step 1: N2 + 2O2 —> 2NO2 , ∆H = 67.6kJ
Step 2: 2NO + O2 —> 2NO2 , ∆H = -113.2kJ
Set B

Identification
1. It deals with heat energy changes in chemical reactions.
4. What is the thermochemical reaction
that balances the energy difference, and heat given to the reaction?
5. What is the thermochemical reaction where an excess amount of energy is written
on the right side of the reaction to balance the energy difference?
7. Enthalpy of ( ) cannot be measured however enthalpy change can be measured.
8. When there is a gained or lost heat in reactions under constant pressure, what is
this called?

Endothermic or Exothermic Reaction

1.2H2O(g) —> 2H2(g) + O2(g); ∆H = 116 kcal
2.C(s) + O2(g) —> CO2(g); ∆H = -94 kcal
3.N2(g) + O2 (g) + Heat —> 2NO(g)
4.Solid -→ Liquid —> Gas
5.Gas —> Liquid —> Solid

Hess’ Law
N2 + O2 —> 2NO, ∆H =
Step 1: N2 + 2O2 —> 2NO2 , ∆H = 67.6kJ
Step 2: 2NO + O2 —> 2NO2 , ∆H = -113.2kJ