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 TOPIC:-

DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FESTIVALS OF
CHHATTISGARH AND
KERALA
 INTRODUTION
A festival is an extraordinary event celebrated
by a community and centering on some
characteristic aspect or aspects of that
community and its religion or cultures. It is
often marked as a local or
national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival
constitutes typical cases of glocalization, as
well as the high culture-low culture
interrelationship. Next to religion and folklore,
a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such
a vital resource that many festivals are
associated with harvest time. Religious
commemoration and thanksgiving for good
harvests are blended in events that take place
in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern
hemisphere and Easter in the southern.
 LIST OF FESTIVALS

CHHATTISGARH: KERALA:
• Bastar Dussehra • Onam
• Bastar Lokutsab • Vishu
• Bhoramdeo Festival • Thrissur Pooram
• Champaran Mela • Thiruvathira,
• Chhattisgarh • Theyyam Festival,
Rajyotsava(Chhattisgar • Attukal Pongala,
h Foundation Day)
• Christmas,
• Chhattisgarhi Language
• Makaravilakku Festival,
Day
• Arattu at Trivandrum,
• Goncha Festival
• Ambalapuzha Arattu,
• Madai Festival
• Aranmula Uthrattathi,
• Teeja Festival
• Adoor Gajamela
• Narayanpur Mela
• Pola
• Rajim Kumbha Mela
• Hareli
FESTIVALS OF
CHHATTISGARH
1. HARELI:
The Hareli festival of Chhattisgarh is celebrated with great
pomp and gaiety. The word 'Hareli' comes from 'Haryali'
in hindi which means greenery. It is mainly a festival
celebrated by the various communities of farmer in the
month of Shravan, corresponding to the months of July
and August in the Gregorian calender. To be precise, the
Hareli festival in Chhattisgarh occurs on the new moon
day of the month or the Sravana Amavasya. This is,
actually a festival of harvest focusing on the monsoon of a
year. The Goddess 'Kutki Dai' is the presiding deity
worshiped during this festival for good crops.Chhattisgarh
Hareli festival is of special importance among the Gond
tribes. The farmers of Chhattisgarh worship their
equipment used for farming and cows in the Hareli
festival. The theme is manly nature - centric and the basic
prayer by the simple, innocent people of Chhatisgarh in
Hareli festival is for a good harvest. The manifestations in
rituals are simple, though the prayers are ardent.
2. TEEJA:
Teej festival ('Teeja' in Chhattisgarhi') is celebrated
in Chhattisgarh and Northern India to welcome the
monsoon season . Wishing the long life of husband
and the happiness of the family all married women
have Nirzala Fast (they don't drink water whole
day) and at evening after worship of Teej mata
Parvati and Lord Shiva, they took water and food. A
day before the Teej, all women go to each other's
house and eat bitter food ('karu bhaat' in
Chhattisgarhi). Barely vegetable and other dishes are
made. This festival is celebrated in third day
of Shukla Paksha in Bhadrapad (Bhado) month
(Usually August - September).

In this rainy season, the forests, the fields are wrapped

in a greenery sheet. The whole nature fills the mind
with a panoramic view of green. That is why this
festival is called Hariyali Teej or Haritalika.
3. POLA:

Pola is a thanksgiving festival celebrated by

farmers in Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, to
acknowledge the importance of bulls and oxen,
who are a crucial part of agriculture and
farming activities. It falls on the day of
the Pithori Amavasya (the new moon day) in
the month of Shraavana (usually in August).
During Pola, farmers don't work their bulls in
the farmland, and the day is a school holiday in
the rural parts of Maharashtra.
The festival is found among Marathas in
central and eastern Maharashtra.A similar
festival is observed by Farmers in other parts
of India, and is called Mattu Pongal in south
and Godhan in north and west India.
4. RAJIM KUMBHA MELA:

Rajim Kumbh is an annual Hindu pilgrimage held

in Rajim, located in Gariyaband
district, Chhattisgarh, India. The pilgrimage is similar to
the traditional pilgrim fairs like those held
in Haridwar and Allahabad. Like them, it's a kumbh,
where devotees flock in to bathe en masse in sacred
rivers to wash off their sins and attain redemption.
Rajim has long been a hotspot for the Vaishnavites. It is
also a known Shaiva dharma centre. It was also a
camping station on the pilgrimage route to other pilgrim
centres in the vicinity. The ritual of Kalpwas is
performed at Rajim just like it is at Allahabad. The
religious congregation at Rajim performs a ceremony
known as the 'fifth Kumbh' similar to the traditional
'Punni mela' observed every year at the famous Rajiv
Lochan temple located near the holy confluence of
the Mahanadi, Pairi and Sondur rivers in Rajim.
The Rajim kumbh is celebrated every year during
February-March for about 15 days. The kumbh is
attended by thousands of devotees and saints from
various parts of India and abroad.
5. CHHATTISGARH
RAJYOTSAVA (CHHATTISHGAR
FOUNDATION DAY):-

1 November of every year is celebrated as Chhattisgarh

Rajyotsava (Chhattisgarh Foundation Day) as on this date
in the year 2000 Government of India officially declared it
to be an independent state. The mythological name of
Chhattisgarh is Kaushal Rajya (the mother of Lord Shri
Ram).[The President of India gave his consent to Madhya
Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 on 25 August and then
Government of India set 1 November 2000 as the day
Madhya Pradesh would be divided into Chhattisgarh and
Madhya Pradesh.
Since then, the state government organises 5 days festival
starting 1 November of every year in the capital of
Chhattisgarh, Raipur. The first event was organised at
Science College, Raipur & First Chief Guest was Sonia
Gandhi but from 2004 the event took place at Rajyotsava
Ground, Atal Nagar till 2018 & from 2019 again it organised
at Science College, Raipur to till now.
6. BASTAR DUSSEHRA:-

Bastar Dussehra is the unique cultural trait of Chhattisgarh.

Celebrated by the local people of the state with sufficient vigor,
the festival of Dussehra to the supreme power of
goddess Danteswari, the revered deity of all the existing tribes of
Chhattisgarh. During Dussehra, the inhabitants of Bastar
organizes special worship ceremonies at the Danteswari temple
of Jagadalpur. On this occasion rath is made in which goddess
sits.
It is believed that Maharaja Purushaottam Deo first initiated the
festival of Dussehra in the early hours of 15th century. Bastar to
take part in this holy festival. During the entire ten days of the
occasion, the respected Raj family of Bastar arrange worship
sessions in which the ancient arms of the Goddess Danteswari
are treated as divine elements. One of the inherent traits of Bastar
Dussehra is that the control of the state is formally transferred to
the Diwan keeping the Zamindar and similar important
personalities as witnesses.
7. MADAI
FESTIVAL:-
Madai festival is one of many popular festivals of Sanskritik
Chhattisgarh. The festival reflects the rich culture and tradition
of the state. The Madai Festival is celebrated with great
enthusiasm and excitement by people belonging to the Gond
Tribe. It is celebrated from the month of December to March and
tours from one place of the state to another. The Charama and
Kurna communities of Kanker district, tribes of Bastar and
people of Bhanupratappur, Narayanpur,
Kondagaon, Pakhanjore and Antagrah celebrate the Madai
Festival in the state of Chhattisgarh.
The local tribes of the state along with other communities
worship the presiding deity during the festival. In the beginning
of Madai Festival, the tribal people of Chhattisgarh launch a
procession on an open field where a large number
of devotees and general tourists gather to witness the rituals.
After the end of the procession, the priest or similar figure starts
worshiping the goddess. While the Puja ceremony goes on, the
onlookers maintain silence and also offer prayers to the feet of
the deity. When the worshiping finishes, several cultural events
like folk dance, drama, songs etc. start taking place in the open
space.
FESTIVALS
OF
KERALA:-
1. Onam

Onam is an annual Indian harvest and cultural festival related

to Hinduism celebrated mostly by the people of Kerala. A major
annual event for Keralites, it is the official festival of the
state and includes a spectrum of cultural events.
Onam commemorates King Mahabali and Vamana.
According to Hindu legends, Onam is celebrated in Kerala in
remembrance of the good governance under the rule
of daitya king Mahabali, a mythical king. The legend holds that
jealous of Mahabali's popularity and his power,
the devas conspired to end his reign. They sent Vamana to earth
in the form of a dwarf Brahmin who trampled Mahabali
to patala (underworld). Vamana asked Mahabali for three feet of
land as his wish from the generous Mahabali. After measuring
the entirety of universe, leaving nowhere to place his third foot,
Mahabali offered his own head to place his third feet, making the
wish complete. However, witnessing Mahabali’s generosity,
Vamana granted the king's sole wish to visit his land and subjects
once every year. This homecoming of Mahabali is celebrated as
Onam in Kerala every year
 2. Vishu

Vishu (Malayalam: വിഷു) is a cultural festival celebrating

the Malayali New Year in Kerala, Tulu Nadu,
and Mahe of India. Vishu falls on the first day of the month
of Medam in the Malayalam Calendar (April 14 or 15 in
the Gregorian calendar. It is the traditional new year, while the
Kollam era calendar new year falls on the 1st Chingham.
The festival is marked by family time, preparing colourful
auspicious items and viewing these as the first thing on the Vishu
day (Vishukkani). In particular, Malayalis seek to view the
golden blossoms of the Indian laburnum (Kani Konna), money
or silver items, cloth (pattu), mirror, rice, coconut, cucumber,
fruits and other harvest products. Days before Vishu, people start
bursting fireworks at their houses and it concludes with lot of
fireworks on day of Vishu.People wear new clothes (Koti) and
they eat a feast called Sadhya. In Kaineettam, elders give a small
amount of pocket money to children.
3. Attukal Pongala

Pongala is a harvest festival of Kerala and Tamil

Nadu. The name 'Pongala' means 'to boil over' and
refers to the ritualistic offering of porridge made of
rice, sweet brown molasses, coconut gratings, nuts
and raisins. Generally women devotees participate in
this ritual. Tamil people celebrate as Pongal.
The origins of the Pongala festival may date to more
than 1000 years ago.Epigraphic evidence suggests the
celebration of the Puthiyeedu during the Medieval
Chola empire days. Puthiyeedu is believed to
represent the first harvest of the year
4. Attukal Pongala

The c (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര്‍ പൂരം) is an annual

Hindu temple festival held in Thrissur, Kerala, India.
It is held at the Vadakkunnathan (Shiva)
Temple in Thrissur every year on the Pooram day—
the day when the moon rises with the Pooram star in
the Malayalam Calendar month of Medam. It is the
largest and most famous of all poorams in
India.Thrissur pooram is also one of the largest
festivals in Asia with more than 1 million visitors.
Thrissur Pooram (തൃശ്ശൂര്‍ പൂരം) was the brainchild
of Sakthan Thampuran, the Maharaja of
Cochin (1790–1805). Before the start of Thrissur
Pooram, the largest temple festival in Kerala was the
one-day festival held at Aarattupuzha known
as Arattupuzha Pooram.
5. Arattupuzha Pooram

Kerala which is often referred to as 'God's Own Country has

many Hindu temples. Many of the temples have unique
traditions and most hold festivals on specific days of the year.
Temple festivals usually continue for a number of days. A
common characteristic of these festivals is the hoisting of a holy
flag which is then brought down only on the final day of the
festival. The largest festival in kerala in Pooram category
is Arattupuzha Pooram at Arattupuzha temple and in Ulsavam
category is Vrishchikolsavam of Thripunithura Sree
Poornathrayeesa Temple. Some festivals include the most
famous of these being the Thrissur Pooram. Temples that can
afford it will usually involve at least one richly caparisoned
elephant as part of the festivities. The idol of the God in the
temple is taken out on a procession around the countryside atop
this elephant. When the procession visits homes around the
temple, people will usually present rice, coconuts and other
offerings to the God. Processions often include traditional music
such as Panchari melam or Panchavadyam. The festivals of
Kerala are famous around the Globe due to its diversity of
experience.
6. Thiruvathira

Thiruvathira or Thiruvathirai or Arudhra Darisanam is

a Hindu festival celebrated in the Indian states
of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.Thiruvathirai (Arudhra)
in Tamil means "sacred big wave". In Chidambaram in Tamil
Nadu, the Sri Natarajar temple's annual Festival, is celebrated on
this date. In the month of Makaram Thiruvathira Star is
celebrated in Mathira Peedika Devi Temple, owned by
Thiruvithamcore Devaswom Board, near Kadakkal in Kollam
District of Kerala state. Thiruvathira has a connection with lord
moon.

Thiruvadirai – Arudra Darshan is celebrated in a grand manner

in 5 Sabhas of Sri Natarajar, namely 1) Kanakasabha (Gold) – at
Chidambaram (Thillai or Tillai), 2) Velli Sabhai (Silver) at
Madurai, 3) Ratnasabha (Ruby) at Tiruvalankadu, 4) Tamrasabha
(Copper) at Tirunelveli, 5) Chitrasabha (Pictures) at Kutralam.
7. Theyyam
Theyyam are Hindu ritual practiced in northern Kerala and
some parts of Karnataka. Theyyam is also known
as Kaḷiyāṭṭaṁ or Tiṟa. Theyyam consists of traditions, rituals
and customs associated with temples and sacred
groves of Malabar.The people of the region consider Theyyam
itself as a channel to a god and they thus seek blessings from
Theyyam.
In Kasaragod and Kannur districts, this ritual art is mainly
performed in the kavus (temples) or ancestral houses
of Thiyyar, Nambiar, Vaniyar, and Maniyani communities.
Theyyam is typically performed by people from castes and tribes
like Pulayar, Vannan, Malayan, Anhoottan, Munnoottan,
Mavilan, Koppalan, Velan, Chingathan, Kalanaadi, Paravan,
Nalikeyavar, etc. Of these, Kalanaadi people perform only in
Wayanad district, while Parava, Pampatha, Nalikeyavar perform
in places north of Kerala like Udupi, Krishnapuram, etc.
There are about 456 types of Theyyams documented. Theyyam
is mainly performed by males, except the Devakkoothu theyyam;
the Devakkoothu is the only Theyyam ritual performed by
women.Devakoothu is performed only in the Thekkumbad
Kulom temple.
 THANK
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