PROTECTIVE ALARMS

ALARM SYSTEM
• Alarms system is designed to alert security personnel
to consummated or attempted intrusion into an area,
building or compound.
• It assists the security in detecting, impeding, or
deterring potential security threat in the installation.
• Its function is to alert the security personnel for any
attempt of intrusion into a protected area, building or
compound.
TYPES OF ALARM
1. METALLIC FOIL OR WIRE
2. PHOTOELECTRIC OR ELECTRIC EYE DEVICE
3. AUDIO DETECTION DEVICE
4. VIBRATION DETECTION DEVICE
5. MICROWAVE MOTION DETECTION DEVICE
6. ULTRASONIC MOTION DETECTION DEVICE
7. CAPACITANCE OR ELECTROSTATIC DETECTION DEVICE
8. LASER BEAM ALARM
METALLIC
FOIL OR
WIRE
ALARM

Metallic foll or wire In building or compound, all possible point of

entry can be wired by using electrically charge strips of tinfoil or
wire. Any action that will move the foil or wire breaks the circuit and
activate an alarm, metallic foil or wire are used in window or glass
surface.
 PHOTOELECTRIC
OR ELECTRIC EYE
DEVICE
- A light beam is transmitted at a
frequency of several thousand
vibrations per second. It is connected
by a wire a control station and when
an intruder crosses the beam, he
breaks the contract with the
photoelectric coil which thus
activates the alarm. An invisible or
visible beam is emitted and when this
is disturbed or when an intruder
break contact with the beam, It will
activate the alarm.
 AUDIO DETECTION
DEVICE
A supersensitive microphone speaker sensor installed in
walls ceilings and floors of the protected area of any sound
caused by attempted forced entry is detected by the sensor.
It will detect any sound caused by attempted force entry. A
supersonic microphone speaker sensor is installed in walls,
ceilings, and floors of the protected area.
VIBRATION
DETECTION DEVICE
- vibration sensitive sensors are attached
to walls, ceilings or floors of the
protected area.
- The sensor detects any vibration caused
by attempted forced entry. Any
vibration caused by attempted force
entry is detected by the sensor. Can be
effective to safeguard enclose areas in
sound detection system.
MICROWAVE
MOTION
DETECTION
DEVICE
A pattern of radio waves is
transmitted and partially
reflected back to an
antenna. If they strike a
moving object, they return
at a different frequency
which results in initiating
an alarm signal. Very
effective for protection of
interior areas.
ULTRASONIC
MOTION DETECTION
DEVICE
It consists of
transceiver, amplifier
and control unit. Any
motion within
protected area causes
an activation of alarm
signal
CAPACITANCE OR
ELECTROSTATIC
DETECTION DEVICE
The body capacitance of any
intruder, who enters the field,
unbalances the electronic energy of
the field which in turn activates the
alarm. It can be installed on safe,
walls or openings therein to
establish an electronic field around
object to be protected
LASER BEAM
ALARM
A laser emitter hoods
a wall or fencing with
a beam so that when
this beam is disturbed
by a physical object,
an alarm is activated.
BANK ALARMS
OTHER TYPE OF PROTECTIVE ALARM
FOOT RAIL
ACTIVATOR
It is placed on the floor in such a
position that tellers may activate
the alarm by placing the front of
their foot to engage the
activation bar. Foot rails do not
acquire any obvious use of the
teller's hand and their hand may
be kept in full view of the robbers
for reason of safety. Because foot
rail can be activated very
obtrusively and safely, it is
frequently found in the bank
while standing up.
Bill traps or
currency activation
devices
Are usually placed in teller's top,
cash drawer and connected to the
alarm system using a wire
connector. When currency is
removed from the devices, the
alarm is activated. The advantage of
these devices is that the robbers
frequently remove the currency
and activate the alarm. This is
particularly helpful when the
employees are immediately forced
to leave their station without
having an opportunity to activate
the alarm safely.
KNEE OR THIGH
BUTTONS
It is installed inside the
desk or teller station so
they can be activated by
knee or thigh pressure.
They are commonly
found in location where
personnel usually
perform their duties from
seated position.
FOOT
BUTTON
It permits alarm
activation in relatively
safety while both
hands remain clear in
view of the robbers.
DOUBLE
SQUEEZE
BUTTONS
requires pressure on both
side of the device
therefore the probability
of accidental alarm is
reduced
 TYPES OF ALARM
DETECTION SYSTEM
TYPES OF ALARM DETECTION SYSTEM
1. CENTRAL STATION SYSTEM
2. PROPRIETY SYSTEM
3. LOCAL ALARM SYSTEM
4. AUXILIARY SYSTEM
5. LOCAL ALARM BY CHANCE SYSTEM
6. DIAL ALARM SYSTEM
1. CENTRAL STATION SYSTEM - central station is located outside
the installation. It can be located in an agency and the installation is one
of the subscribers. When alarm is sounded, central station notifies police
and other agency.
The alarm signal could be transmitted to any of the following:
a. Direct Wire system- Used by high risk locations (Bank, Jewelries and Furriers)
b. Circuit Party System This has a circuit transmission system where as many as 15 alarm transmitter may send
alarm to a single receiving panel at the central station over the same time. Each alarm has a distinct code.
c. Multiplex System This reduces leased telephone charges while at the same time providing higher degree of
line security than circuit loop alarms
d. Digital Communicator - It is a computer-based which sends its original signal through the regular switch line
telephone network. The alarm signal transmitted series of coded electronic pulses that can only be
received on a computer type terminal at the central station.
e. Telephone Dialer - Delivers pre-recorded verbal message to a central station, answering service, to police
department when an alarm is detected.
f. Radio Signal Transmission This method takes the alarm signal from the protected premises and sends it via
radio or cellular phone to either a central station or police dispatch center.
g. Video Verification - A video is sent to central station. This provides higher level of protection while helping
to eliminate false alarms by allowing central station operators to see what is happening inside the
protected area.
2. Propriety system-This function in the same way as central system except that it is owned
by, operated and located in the facility. Response to all alarms is by facility's own security or
fire personnel. Since this system is monitored locally, the response time to an alarm is
considerably reduced. Usually the control center where operators are on continuous duty.
Any triggering information on fire, intrusion, or violation of security rules is monitored by
security and then appropriate action is initiated.

3. Local alarm system- Consist of rigging up a visual or audible alarm near the object to be
protected, a bell or light indicates an attempted or successful intrusion. In this case of alarm,
response will be made by the local guards and other personnel within sight or hearing. Its
success relies on someone hearing or seeing the signal and calling the responsible authorities.
It also serves to notify burglars that they have been detected. In this case, the sensor
activates circuit, which in turn activates a horn or siren or even flashing light, located in the
immediate vicinity of the alarmed area.

4. Auxiliary system- In this system installation circuits are led into local police or fire
department by lease telephone lines usually by special arrangements. The dual responsibility
for circuits and the high incidence of false alarms have made this system unpopular with
public fire and police personnel.
5. Local Alarm By Chance System- This is a local alarm system in which a bell or siren is sounded
with no predictable response. It is used in residence or small retail establishments. The hope is
that a neighbour or passing will reach to the alarm and call for police assistance, but such a call
is purely a matter of chance.

6. Dial Alarm System -This system is set to dial a predestined number when the alarm is
activated. The number selected might be the police or the subscriber's home number, or both.
When the phone is answered, a recording states that an intrusion is in progress at the location
so alarmed. This system is relatively inexpensive to install and operate, but since it is dependent
on general phone circuit, it could fail if line were busy or if the phone connection were cut.
 PARTS OF AN ALARM SYSTEM
• 1. Sensor or Trigger Device - It emits the aural or visual signal
or both.
• 2. Transmission Line A circuit which transmits the message to
the signaling apparatus.
• 3. Annunciator - Signaling system that activates the alarm.
 PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
• It provides a means of continuing illumination during hours
of darkness.
• The idea that lighting can provide improve protection for
people and facilities is as old as civilization.
• Protective lighting is the single most cost effective
deterrent to crime because it creates a psychological
deterrent to the intruders.
PURPOSES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
1. Provides sufficient illumination to the areas during hours of
darkness.
2. Lightning can help improve visibility so that intruder can be seen
and identified and, if possible apprehended
3. Lighting also gives that psychological fear and that serve as a
deterrent to thieves, pilferer, trespassers and saboteurs
SIGNIFICANCE TO SECURITY FORCE
1. Reduction of the need for security forces.
2. Personnel protection for forces by reducing the
advantages of concealment and surprise for a
determine intruder.
3. Relieved security forces could be used to better
advantage elsewhere.
TYPES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
• 1. Continuous lighting - It is otherwise called as stationary luminary. The most
familiar type of outdoor security lighting. This is designed to provide two specific
results: glare projection or controlled lighting. It consists of a series of fixed
luminaries at range to flood a given area continuously during hours of darkness.
a. Glare projection type
The intensity is focused to the intruder while the observer or
guard remains in the comparative darkness. It is being used in prisons and
correctional institutions to illuminate walls and outside barriers.
b. Controlled lighting
It is generally employed where, due to surrounding property
owners, nearby highways or other limitations, it is necessary for the light to be more
precisely focused.
2. Standby lighting
-Turn on manually or physically as needed. It is designed for
reserve or standby use or to supplement continuous systems. It can be
most useful to selectively light a particular area in an occasional basis.
3. Movable or Portable lighting
- searchlight, supplementary top other types of lighting. This
system is manually operated and is usually made up of movable search
or floodlights that can be located in selected or special locations which
will require lighting only for short period of time.
4. Emergency lighting
- This system is used in times of power failure or other
emergencies when other systems are inoperative.
GENERAL TYPES OF LIGHTING
SOURCES
1. Incandescent lamp- It is the least expensive in terms of energy consumed and has the
advantage of providing instant illumination when the switch is on.
2. Mercury vapor lamp- It is considered more efficient than the incandescent and used
widespread in exterior lighting. It emits purplish white color caused by an electric current
passing through a tube of conducting and luminous gas.
3. Metal Halide- It has similar physical appearance to mercury vapor but provides a light
source of higher luminous efficiency and better color rendition.
4. Fluorescent lamp - This provides good color-rendition, high lamp efficiency as well as long
life. It cannot project light over long distance and thus are not desirable as flood type lights.
5. High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp- This has gained acceptance for exterior lighting of
parking areas, roadways, buildings and commercial interior installations. Requires 2 to 5
minutes to light when cold and longer periods to relight when hot.
6. Low-pressure Sodium Vapor- Produces yellow color.
7. Quartz Lamp -Produce Very bright light
TYPES OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
1. Floodlights - These light project light in concentrated beams. These can be used to
accommodate most outdoor security lighting needs, including the illumination of
boundaries, fences and buildings and for the emphasis of vital areas or particular
buildings.
2. Searchlight- These are highly focused incandescent lamps used to pinpoint potential
trouble spots.
3. Fresnel light- These are wide beam units, primarily used to extend the illumination
in tong, horizontal strips to protect the approaches to the perimeter barrier. Fresnel
projects a narrow, horizontal beam that is approximately 180 degrees in the
horizontal and from 15 to 30 degrees in the vertical plane
4. Street light - this produces diffused rather than directional beam. They are widely
used in parking areas. These lighting equipment received the most widespread
notoriety for its value in reducing crime.
LIGHTING APPLICATION/LIGHTNING
SYSTEM
1. Fenced perimeter Lighting- It is used to illuminate the fence itself and the area beyond it ("the
detection zone). Its objective is to reveal an intruder's approach and produce glare towards him, thus
reducing his ability to see in the site. However, it can be difficult to apply because it may create
nuisance or hazards.
2. Area-lighting- It is used in a building face perimeter consist of building or within (20 of the property
or area line to be protected and where the public may approach the building. Guards may be
stationed inside or outside of the building. Doorways or other insets in the building's face should
receive special attention for lighting to eliminate shadows.
3. Flood lighting- it is used to cast a strong light on the walls of buildings so that intruders are visible
either in silhouette (outline) or by the shadows which they cast.
4. Gate House Lighting- it is installed on active entrances for pedestrians and vehicles to facilitate
complete inspection of passengers, car, trucks and freight cars as well as their contents and
passengers
5. Topping-up Lighting - it is used to illuminate dark areas not adequately lit by area or flood lighting.
Areas and structures within the Installation property lines consist of yards, storage spaces, large open
working areas, piers, docks, and other sensitive areas and structures.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
AND KEYS
THE CHEAPEST SECURITY MEASURES
 LOCKS PADLOCK KEY PETERMAN
• A mechanical, • A portable and • Instrument for • An English term
electrical, detachable lock locking and used to describe
hydraulic or having a sliding unlocking. A a lock picker.
electronic hasp which metal bar with
device to passes through notches or
prevent entry a staple ring or grooves that,
into a building, the like and is when inserted
room, container then made fast into a lock and
or hiding place or secured turned,
and to prevent operates the
the removal of lock's
items without mechanism.
the consent of
the owner.
TYPES OF LOCKS
1. KEY-OPERATED MECHANICAL LOCK - it uses some sort of arrangement of
internal physical Barriers (wards tumblers) which prevent the lock from
operating unless they are properly aligned. They key is the device used to
align these internal barriers so that the lock may be operated.
2. WARDED LOCK- It offers very little security. This type of lock must
therefore be used only to have privacy but not to provide a high degree of
security.
3. DISC TUMBLER LOCK - It is designed for the use of automobile industry and
are in general used in car doors today Because this lock is easy and cheap to
be manufactured, its use has expanded to other areas such as desks, files
and padlocks. The delay afforded is approximately ten minutes.
4. LEVER TUMBLER LOCK- These are difficult to define in terms of
security since they practical purposes, pick-proof. called the pin is
rounded or slightly pointed on the lower-end to fit the grooves or vary
greatly in their effectiveness. They are used in safe deposit boxes and
are for all practical purposes, pick-proof.
5. PIN TUMBLER LOCK- The pin tumbler mechanism depends for its
security, and a number of round pin or tumblers operating on a cylinder.
Each tumbler is divided into two parts, the upper which is flat on bolt is
called the driver the bottom part cuts in the key.
6. COMBINATION LOCK- It was difficult to defeat they cannot be picked
because few experts can manipulate the device to discover the
combination. Most of these locks have three dials, which must be
aligned in the proper order before the lock will open.
7. CODE-OPERATED LOCK - These are combination type locks and that
no key is Pressing the series of numbered button in the proper sequence
opens them. Some of them are equipped to alarm if wrong sequence is
pressed. These are high security locking device.
8. ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCKS- Devices holding a door by magnetism.
These are electrical units consisting of the electromagnetic on metal
holding sequence. When the power is secured on the door, they will
resist pressure of to 1000 pounds.
9 CARD OPERATED LOCK- These are electronically or more usually
magnetic. Coded card notched, embossed or containing an embedded
pattern of copper locks are used to operate such locks. These are
frequently fitted with recording device, which registers time of use and
the identity of the user.
TYPE OF KEYS
1. Master Key - A special key of opening a series locks. A key which
will open all the locks when two or more sub master systems exist
2. Grand Master Key- a key that will open everything in a system
involving two or more master key groups.
3. Change Key - a key to a single lock within a master keyed system.
Specific key, which operates the lock and has a particular
combination of cuts, or biting, which matches the arrangement of
the tumblers in the lock.
4. Sub Master Key- a key will open all lock with a particular area or
grouping in a given facility
 PROTECTIVE CABINET
The third and final line of defense at any facility is in the high security
storage where papers, records, plans or cashable instrument, precious
metals or other especially valuable assets are protected.
These security containers will be of a size and quantity, which the nature
of the business dictates.
In protecting property, it is essential to recognize that protective
containers are designed to secure against burglary or fire. Each type of
equipment has a specialized function and it will depend on the owner of
the facility which type he is going to use.
1. Safe- A metallic container used for the safekeeping of documents or
small Items in an office or installation. Safe can be classified as either
robbery or burglary resistance depending upon the use and need.
Specifications:
a. Its weight must be at least 750 lbs. And should be anchored to a
structure
b. Its body should at least one inch thick steel. building c. It is a
small metallic container used to safeguard small items like
documents, money and jewelries.
Categories:
c. Fire safe
d. Burglary and robbery resistive
2. Vault- This is a heavily constructed fire and burglar resistance
container usually a part of the building structure used to keep and
protect cash, documents and negotiable instruments. Vaults are bigger
than safe but smaller than a file room.
Specifications:
a. The vault door should be made of steel at least 6 inches in
thickness.
b. The vault walls, ceiling, floor reinforce concrete at least 12 inches in
thickness.
c. The vault must be resistive up to 6 hours.
3. File room- It is a cubicle in a building constructed a little
lighter than a vault but of bigger size to accommodate limited
people to work on the records inside.
Specifications:
a. The file room should at most be 12 feet high.
b. It must have a watertight door and least fire proof
for one hour.
Safecracking Methods
a. Drilling or Punching - Accomplished by knocking off combination dial and drilling hole to
expose locking device.
b. Burring- The process of using high temperature oxyacetylene torches or "burning bars" to
cut an opening in the wall or door of the safe
c. Peeling- It is the process of attacking the seams of metal plates with pry bars and other
tools to peel back layers of metal and thus exposing either locking mechanism or interior.
d. Ripping- Similar to peeling except ripping can be accomplished against a solid, metal walled
container with a thin wall.
e. X-Ray - Utilized to reveal the position of the combination and mechanism necessary to
open the safe
f. Explosives- Nitro-glycerine and plastic explosives are still used but not as much as in the
past.
g. Power tools- It involves the use of power drills, hydraulic tools and rotary devices.
h. Manipulation- Very few safe crackers have skill to use this technique.