GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

AND HAZARDS
 What is a Disaster?
 A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human
life, deterioration of health and health services on a
scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or
area”.
(W.H.O.)
DISASTER
 What is a Disaster?
 A disaster is a natural or man-made (or
technological) hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant physical
damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change
to the environment. A disaster can be extensively
defined as any tragic event stemming from events
such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents,
fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can
DISASTER

cause damage to life and property and destroy the

economic, social and cultural life of people.
List down possible disaster
in the Philippines that
affects lives of Filipinos.
 TYPES OF DISASTER

Natural Man-made
Disasters Disasters

Meteorological Technological

Industrial
Topographical
accidents
DISASTER

Security
Environmental
related
CLASSIFICATIONS
…Continued

Natural Disaster
 A natural disaster is a consequence when

a natural hazard affects humans and/or

the built environment.
DISASTER

7
 …Continued
CLASSIFICATIONS

Man-made or Human Induced Disaster

Man-made disasters are the consequence
of technological or human hazards.
DISASTER

8
 Natural Disasters

Meteorological Topographical Environmental

Disasters Disasters Disasters

• Floods • Earthquake • Global

• Tsunami • Volcanic warming
• Cyclone Eruptions • El Niño-
• Hurricane • Landslides Southern
• Typhoon and Oscillation
• Snow storm Avalanches • Ozone
• Asteroids depletion-
• Blizzard UVB
• Limnic
• Hail storm Radiation
eruptions
• Solar flare
DISASTER

9
 Man made
Disasters

Technological Industrial Security

• Transport • Chemical • War

failure spills • Terrorism
• Public place • Radioactive • Internal
failure spills conflicts
• Fire • Civil unrest
DISASTER

10
 Consequences of Disaster
11

Health -
Physical – Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities,
Coma ,Death.
Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social.
(e.g. PTSD – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Structural Damage – to variable extent.

Ecological- Changes in eco system.

Economical-Financial losses.
 WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
…Continued
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood
such as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are
destroyed.
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable
for at least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and
commerce.
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and
livestock, and other agricultural products, and
DISASTER

5. Epidemics
NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dated 04 March 1998
12
FACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTER
• Age
• Immunization
Host factors status
• Degree of mobility
• Emotional stability

• Physical Factors
• Chemical Factors
Environment • Biological Factors
al factors • Social Factors
• Psychological
Factors
HAZARD RISKS VULNER
S ABILITY
HAZARD
S
Phenomenon
or situation,
which has the
potential to
cause
disruption or
damage to
people, their
property, their
services and
their
environment
 RISK
The probability that
a community’s
structure or
geographic area is to
be damaged or
disrupted by the
impact of a
particular hazard, on
account of their
nature, construction,
and proximity to a
hazardous area.
Exposed Elements
 VULNER
ABILITY
Is the
characteristics and
circumstances of a
community, system
or asset that make it
susceptible to the
damaging effects of a
hazard.
HAZARD RISKS VULNER
S ABILITY
Phenomenon The probability that Is the
or situation, a community’s characteristics
which has the structure or
potential to geographic area is to
and
cause be damaged or circumstances
disruption or disrupted by the of a
damage to impact of a community,
people, their particular hazard, on system or asset
property, their account of their that make it
services and nature, construction,
their and proximity to a
susceptible to the
environment hazardous area. damaging effects
of a hazard.
 Is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its
negative consequences...

R= HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure)

CAPACITY
Capacity

Those positive
condition or abilities
which increase a
community’s ability
to deal with hazards.
HOW WILL YOU REDUCE THE RISK
OF DIFFERENT HAZARDS?

R
I VULNERABI
HAZARDS S LITY
K