Data Gathering

 DATA GATHERING
 IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PARTS OF IN
CONDUCTING YOUR RESEARCH.
 THIS IS WHERE YOU WILL COLLECT THE NECESSARY
DATA TO SUPPORT YOUR STUDY.
 IS THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING AND MEASURING
DATA TO ANSWER THE RESEARCH QUESTION TEST
HYPOTHESIS AND EVALUATE RESULTS.
  Data
 Is an information that you collect for the purpose of answering research questions, has two types:

 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE

Qualitative Quantitative
Words/ descriptive numbers
Use thematic analysis to interpret patterns and meanings in the Use statistically methods to test relationships bet. Variables.
data
Pros- very flexible, can be adjust your method as you develop Pros- can be used to systematically describe large collection of
new knowledge things
Can be conducted with small sample Generates reproduce knowledge
Cons- can’t analyzed statistically or generalized to broader Cons- require statistical training to analyze data
population
Difficult to standardize Requires large sample
Quantitative data can be:

Continuous data- are numerical values that can be

infinite and can be in between two numbers

Discontinuous data- are finite and countable

numerical values.
Sample of
continuous and
discontinuous
data.
 Instrument- Is the tool that you need to use to gather your data.

Types of instruments/ Method

1.Experimentation- Primary: Quantitative data.
 Use to test the cause and effect relationship of different
variable( scientific/ experimental)
 Use to test hypothesis through different trials.
2. Survey- Primary data, quantitative
 Uses likert scale ( questionnaire-checklist)
 Use to understand the general characteristic of a population
Response can be
analyzed with
quantitative methods
by assigning numerical
values to likert scale-
type scale.
3. Observation-Primary: either quantitative or qualitative data.
 Use to understand how something occurs in its natural setting.
 A process of gathering data by looking at what is happening
and record what you observe on your logbook.
 Allows for the study of dynamics of a situation, frequency
counts of targets behavior as indicated by needs of the
evaluation
 Can produce quantitative( narrative data) and quantitative data.
4.Focus Group-a facilitated group interview with
individuals that have same something in common.
 Gather information about combine perspective and opinions
 Responses are often coded into categories and analyzed
thematically
 Gain more in-depth understanding of a topic
 To scrutinize knowledge on the topic
 Gadget, recorder: need to transcribe to create a thematic
diagram
5. Document Review- Secondary, either quantitative or
qualitative.
 Is a way of collecting data from existing documents.
6. Ethnographic- oral history and case study; secondary
 Involves studying a singe phenomenon
 Examine people in their natural settings
 Uses a combination technique such as observation,
interviews, and survey
 Researcher can become a confounding variable
Measurement- Is a process of collecting and categorizing data which helps the
researcher makes decisions and interpret data.
THE MEASUREMENT SCALE ARE
 Nominal- is a measurement which serves as labels to quantitative data or descriptive
 Ordinal Scale- an ‘’in order scale, objects are ordered according to their
characteristic.
 Interval Scale- the third measurement scale that shows the difference between two
ranks or order, subjects, or objects.
 Ratio Scale- is the last and highest type of measurement scale. Determining the
‘’rate which can be used to link two variable.
Sample; 1. height and weight
2. age and educational attainment