General

Mathematics
Week 5
Content Performance
Standards Standards
The learner is able to apply
The learner demonstrates the concepts of inverse
understanding of key functions, exponential
concepts of inverse functions, and logarithmic
functions, exponential functions to formulate and
functions, and solve real-life problems
logarithmic functions. with precision and
accuracy.
 Most Essential Learning
Competencies
The learner solves problems involving inverse functions.

The learner represents real-life situations using exponential

functions.

The learner distinguishes between exponential function,

exponential equation, and exponential inequality.
  Recall how to find the
Objectives: inverse of the functions;
 Solve problems involving
functions and interpret
After this results;
session,  Evaluate inverse functions
learners are and interpret results;
able to:  Distinguish exponential
function, exponential
equation, and exponential
inequality.
Introduction

The inverse of a This inverse function

function is a function of function f is
denoted by . It is
with domain B and
defined by the
range A given that the equation if and only if
original function has for any y in range B.
domain A and range B.
Introduction

Since both are functions, If it is a many-to-one

then a function has to be function, its inverse is
one-to-many which is
one-to-one for its inverse to
not a function.
be a function at the same
time.
Anna’s mother works in
South Carolina USA as a
domestic helper for a living.
She sends off money in the
Philippines each month.
Recently the exchange was $
1.00 to ₱ 50.85.
N ew
What’s
$ 1 5 25 50 100
₱ 50.85 254.25 1,271.25 2,542.50 5,085.00

Equation: 𝑪 ( 𝑺 )=𝟓𝟎 . 𝟖𝟓 𝑺
𝑷
Equation: 𝑪 ( 𝑷 )=
𝟓𝟎 . 𝟖𝟓
The Graph
Steps in finding the inverse of a function:
Interchange Replace the new with if the
inverse is a function.
and

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Replace with Solve for the new

from the equation in
Step 2.
Representing Real-
Life Situations
Using Exponential
Functions

2
Lesson
 An exponential
function with the
Exponential base b is a
Function function of the
form:
or
,
where
Applications of
Ex a m
Exponential conten
t
Function

Population Growth Compound Interest

Exponential Decay
 Example 1

Suppose a culture of 300 bacteria at MJD

Farm is put into a Petri dish and the culture
doubles every 10 hours. Give an exponential
model for the situation. How many bacteria
will there be after 90 hours?
Solution:

(b) If , then:
(a) Let y = number of bacteria
At

There will be 153,600 bacteria

after 90 hours.
An exponential model
for this situation is
Exponential Models & Population Growth

Suppose a quantity doubles every units of time. If is the initial

amount, then the quantity after units is given by
 Example 2

A certain radioactive substance decays

half of itself every 5 days. Initially, there
are 50 grams. Determine the amount of
substance left after 30 days and give an
exponential model for the amount of
remaining substance.
 Solution
(a) Let t = time in days
At Amount of Substance
Amount of Substance
Amount of Substance
Amount of Substance

An exponential model for this situation is

 Solution

(b) If , then:

There will be radioactive substance after 30 days.

 Exponential Decay

This half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for

half of the substance to decay. The exponential decay formula is
 Example 3

Aling Dionisia deposits ₱10,000.00 in

BDO that pays 3% compound interest
annually. Define an exponential model
for this situation. How much money will
she have after 11 years without
withdrawal?
 Compound Interest

Compound interest means the interest earned at the end of the

period is added to the principal and this new amount will earn
interest in the nesting period.
 Solution

(a) At
 Solution
From the previous slide, the principal amount together with the
interest earned as computed is as follows:
At

An exponential model for this situation is

 Solution

(b) If

After 11 years without withdrawal, there will be in the bank.

 Compound Interest

If a principal P (initial amount of money) is invested at an

annual rate of r; compounded annually, then the amount after t
years is given by
 The Natural Exponential Function

While an exponential function may have various bases, a

frequently used base is the irrational number , whose value is
approximately . Because is a commonly used base, the natural
exponential function is defined as having as the base.
 Example 4

The predicted population of a certain city is given by

where y is the number of years after the year 2020.
Predict the population for the year 2030.
 Solution
The number of years from 2020 to 2030 is 10, so

Therefore, the predicted population for the year 2030 is

269,971.
The Natural Exponential Function

The natural exponential function is the function

Try This!
b. The number of
Which of the given organisms in a culture
situations illustrate an doubles every 5 hours
exponential change? c. The monthly wage of a
a. A store has 100 regular laborer increase by 75
customers and each every year
month 5 new d. As x increases the value
customers come of y increases
Exponential Functions,
Exponential Equations,
and Exponential
Inequalities
3
Lesson
What’s In

Anything that increases An exponential function

or decreases rapidly is with the base b is a
said to be exponential. function of the form:

or , where
 What’s New

Spot the Similarity and Difference!

Below are three expressions. Observe them and spot their
similarities and differences.

(a) Exponential Equation

Exponential Function

Exponential Inequality
 Analysis Questions:

1. What is the similarity of (a), (b), and (c)?

2. What is the similarity of (a) and (c)?
3. How do (a) and (b) similar to each other?
4. How are (a) and (b) similar to each other?
 Analysis Questions:

5. How do (a) and (b) differ from (c)?

6. Can you recall which among them is an exponential
function?
7. Which among the three is/are exponential expression/s?
What Is It
Is a function involving
Exponential exponential expression
showing a relationship
Function between the independent
variable x and dependent
variable y or f(x). Examples
of which are:
and
What Is It

Exponential Is an equation involving

exponential expression that
Equation can be solved for x values
satisfying the equation.
Examples of which are:
What Is It
Is an inequality involving
Exponential exponential expression that
can be solved for x values
Inequality satisfying the inequality.
Examples of which are:

and
Exponential Exponential Exponential None of
Function Equation Inequality these
Our intuition about the future is linear.
But the reality of information
technology is exponential, and that
makes a profound difference. If I take
30 steps linearly, I get to 30. If I take 30
steps exponentially, I get to a billion.

— Ray Kurzweil,
https://www.brainyquote.com/t
opics/exponential-quotes
- Maam Lene