Recall:

• Writing a Thesis Statement

“
OUTLINING
Lesson 5: English for Academic and Professional Purposes
”
Learning Objectives:

• Define an outline
• Identify the kinds of outline according to structure
• Use a topic and sentence outline in selecting and
organizing information
OUTLINE
• a helpful tool in organizing your work
• Shows the logical arrangement of ideas
• a written that serves as a skeleton for the paragraphs
you write.
• a summary that gives you the essential information
that will be included in a paper, book, etc.
BENEFITS OF OUTLINING
It gives an overview of the topic and it enables us to see
how various subtopics relate to one another

Recording the information in our own words to tests

our understanding of what we read

It is an effective way to record needed information

from reference books you do not own
In preparing an outline, there are two things to consider:

1.FORMAT
2. PRINCIPLES
OUTLINE
FORMAT and PRINCIPLES
Format
• Traditional - uses roman numerals (XV...), letters, and numbers
(1,2,3...)
• Standard - uses numbers

Principles
• Parallelism
• Coordination
• Subordination
• Division
Principles of Parallelism
-entries should observe the same language structure (e.g., words,
phrases, sentences).
Examples: • The production manager was asked to write
his report quickly, accurately, and in a
detailed manner.
• The teacher said that he was a poor student
because he waited until the last minute to
study for the exam, completed his lab
problems in a careless manner, and
lacked motivation.
• The coach told the players that they should
get a lot of sleep, that they should not
eat too much, and that they should do some
warm-up exercises before the game.
Principles of Coordination
• Entries should observe levels of importance.
• Ideas of equal rank and value are coordinate, therefore, they
belong to the same level of the outline. Coordinate headings
must be expressed in parallel construction.

WRONG: RIGHT:
I. Mass media are important in modern I. Importance of mass media in
life. modern life
II. Forms of mass media
II. Forms of mass media
Principles of Subordination
• Entries should observe differences of importance (which
ideas should be classified as minor or major ideas?)
• minor ideas should fall under the appropriate big ideas

Example:

I. Definition of Mass Media

II. Types of mass media
A. Print media
B. Broadcast Media
C. Digital Media
Principles of Division
• Entries should at least be two to be sure that supporting
points of a major idea are adequate.
• In other words, every part of an outline that has
subtopics should have at least two parts or subsections

Examples: I. TYPES OF MASS MEDIA

A. PRINT
1.Newspapers
B. BROADCAST
1. radio
2. television
C. DIGITAL MEDIA
1. Internet
2. Computers
3. Mobile phones
TYPES OF OUTLINE ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE
TYPES DESCRIPTION
An outline that consists of a short phrase. It provides a
quick overview of topics to be included in an essay. You
are probably already familiar with this structure. After
each heading in a topic outline for an essay, a maximum
TOPIC OUTLINE of several words is used to identify the topic or idea
that will be discussed under the given heading.

An outline that is done in full sentence. It Forces part of

the essay to be written out in sentences before the first
SENTENCE OUTLINE draft. Further, it expresses the specific and complete idea
that that section of the paper will cover as part of
proving the overall thesis.
EXAMPLE OF TOPIC OUTLINE
1. FAMILY III. PEER PROBLEMS
A. Custodial: Non- custodial Conflicts
B. Extended Family A. Loss of friends
C. Adolescent's Age B. Relationship
with Dates
II. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
A. Child support
B. Women job training
C. Lower Standard of
Living
D. Possible Relocation
1.Poorer Neighborhood
2. New School
 ARE THERE
ANY
QUESTIONS??
Directions:
Write an outline on the given topic using the types of outline based on
structure. Use the outline discussed previously. Write your answer on the
space provided. You will be scored base on the given criteria. (1 whole sheet of
paper)

1. Write a topic outline based on the 2. Write a sentence outline

given topic.
Topic: How to prevent teenage
pregnancy
Write your thesis statement here.
based on the given topic.
Topic: The Secret of Success
Write your thesis statement here.