The contents of Appendex A

Section Topic Description

A2 – Statistical This section describes how statistical distributions are
Distributions represented and some common distributions.
A2 – variance and These common properties of statistical distributions are
standard deviation described, together with the formulas for calculating
them
A3 – Correlation Correlation measures the strength of the relationship
calculate the correlation coefficient r
A4 – Significance Relationships may occur by chance or result from some
of a Correlation cause. The significance measure helps you to distinguish
between these case.
A5 – Numerical You will often want to use the values of various statistical
integration distributions in your programs. You will need to use
numerical integration to do so.
A6 – Tests for Many statistical calculations require the data be normally
Normality distributed. You will need to test them for normally.
A7 – Linear The prediction interval provides a measure of the quality
Regression of an estimate using the linear regression parameters.
 WASE SQM
Lecture-7
Course No. : SEWP ZG661

Title : Software Testing-

appendix A
DATE :12th Sep,2009

Prof.N.Prasanna Balaji
B.E(CSC),M.Tech(IT),MBA(OM),Ph.D(ERP)
LMCSI, LMISTE, MIEEE, MAIMA

email:gneccsebalaji@gmail.com
A8 – Linear The prediction interval provides a measure of the
Regression prediction quality of an estimate using the linear regression
interval parameters.
A9 – multiple The multiple regression method calculates the
Regression numerical relationship among three or more sets of
data. The resulting regression parameters can then be
used to make estimates or projections based on these
data.
A10 – Multiple The multiple regression prediction interval provides a
Regression prediction measure of the quality of an estimate made with the
interval multiple regression parameters
A11 – Gauss’s Method Gauss’s method is used in multiple regression to
calculate the parameter values.
A12 – The Pareto The pareto distribution provides a way to rank the
Distribution relative importance of various categories of data.
 Data Values
Data Item Rank Data Value – X
1 1.3
2 2.1
3 2.4
4 2.8
5 3.2
6 3.2
7 3.6
8 3.7
9 4.0
10 4.2
11 4.3
12 4.4
13 4.6
14 4.8
15 5.2
Data Item Rank Data Value – X
16 5.2
17 5.3
18 5.4
19 5.7
20 6.4
21 6.7
22 6.9
23 7.4
24 7.7
25 8.8
Mean 4.772
Standard Deviation 1.848
 Data Density

Form x = Tot x < Number Fraction

0 1 0 0.00
1 2 1 0.04
2 3 3 0.12
3 4 4 0.16
4 5 6 0.24
5 6 5 0.20
6 7 3 0.12
7 8 2 0.08
8 9 1 0.04
9 10 0 0.00
10 25 1.00
Data Item Number Data value – x1 Standard Value – z1

1 1.3 -1.87847

2 2.1 -1.44564

3 2.4 -1.28333

4 2.8 -1.06692

5 3.2 -0.85050

6 3.2 -0.85050

7 3.6 -0.63409

8 3.7 -0.57999

9 4.0 -0.41768

10 4.2 -0.30947
11 4.3 -0.25537

12 4.4 -0.20126

13 4.6 -0.09306

14 4.8 0.01515

15 5.2 0.23156

16 5.2 0.23156

17 5.3 0.28567

18 5.4 0.33977

19 5.7 0.50208

20 6.4 0.88080

21 6.7 0.04311
22 6.9 1.15132

23 7.4 1.42184

24 7.7 1.58415

25 8.8 2.17928

Menu (µ) 4.772 0.00000

Standard Deviation (δ) 1.848 1.00000

 LOG – NORMAL PROGRAM SIZE MEASURES
Program Number Size (Loc) In (Size)
1 86 4.45
2 12 2.48
3 15 2.71
4 28 3.33
5 53 3.97
6 21 3.04
Totals 215 19.98
Average 35.83 3.33
In-Normal Mean 27.93
δ2 = (1/9)*3,552,761.0 = 391,417.89
δ= 391,417.89 = 625.63
Item Number New and Changed Loc
n X (xi – xavg)2
1 186 205,118.40
2 699 3,612.01
3 132 256,947.60
4 272 134,615.60
5 291 121,034.40
6 331 94,802.40
7 199 193,512.00
8 1890 1,565,251.00
9 788 22,230.80
10 1601 925,636.40
Totals 6389 3,522,761.00
Average 638.9
Variance 391,417.89
Standard Deviation 625,.63
Item Number total Loc Development hours
n X y
1 186 15.0
2 699 69.9
3 132 6.5
4 272 22.4
5 291 28.4
6 331 65.9
7 199 19.4
8 1890 198.7
9 788 38.8
10 1601 138.2
Totals 6389 603.2
Item New and Developme
Number Changed nt hours
LOC
n X y X2 xy Y2
1 186 15.0 34,596
2 699 69.9 488,601
3 132 6.5 17,424
4 272 22.4 73,984
5 291 28.4 84,681
6 331 65.9 109,561
7 199 19.4
8 1890 198.7
9 788 36.8
10 1601 138.2
Total 6389 603.2