Progressive Education Society's

MODERN COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE

Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411 016 (Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Production of Biodiesel
- The Green alternative

Name:-Tejas S. Bhujbal
Roll no.:- 223241005
Subject:- Bioprocess Engineering
 CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Biodiesel production from algae
 Algae cultivation
 Extraction
 Transesterification
 Result and conclusion
 Advantages and disadvantages

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 INTRODUCTION
• Bioenergy is important resources for energy.

• The need of energy is increasing day by day.

• Non-renewable energy sources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are
limited source of energy.

• Sustainable liquid fuels are essential for infrastructure and transportation

• Biofuels over traditional fuels include greater energy security, reduced

environmental impact, foreign exchange savings, etc.

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 Biofuel Generations

Ref: Promising evolution of biofuel generations.

(www.Sciencedirect.com)

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
Biodiesel production from algae

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
• Biodiesel is currently produced from oil synthesized by conventional
fuel crops that harvest the sun’s energy and store it as chemical energy.

• Algae use photosynthesis to convert solar energy to chemical energy

they store this energy in the form of oils, carbohydrates and protein.

• Algae can produce 100000 L per hectare.

• Algae grow easily in sea water.

• The productivity and oil content of algae is greater than other crops. • Oil contents of crops. (Demirbas et
al.)

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 Highest yielding algae

Spirulina sp

Botryococcus braunii Nannochloropsis sp.

Chlorella sp.

Schizochytrium sp
• Oil contents of some microalgae. (Demirbas et al.)

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 Algae cultivation
• Most of the algae species are phototrophs in nature.

• The microalgae are commonly grown in open pond system and photobioreactors.

Open Pond system Photobioreactors

Open pond system protected from environmental A photobioreactor is a bioreactor that use light
conditions like rainfall, temperature by the use of source to cultivate phototrophic microorganism
greenhouse. like algae.

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
Extraction A)Ultrasonication extraction

Different amplitudes were applied for the ultrasonication process with the methanol :
chloroform(1:1, v/v) two-phase system as solvents.

The amplitude ranged from a 50% up to a 90% amplitude with

an interval of 10%.

(b) Soxhlet extraction

30 grams of dried algae biomass were used to extract lipid using a Soxhlet apparatus
equipped with a condenser and heating mantle.

It took 8 hrs to extract the oil at 60 °C using n-hexane as the solvent.

The extracted lipid was then filtered several times to separate the residues.

The remaining solvent was entirely removed by a rotary evaporator to obtain crude
microalgae oil. The crude oil was retained for further transesterification reaction.
(c) solvent extraction method

150 mL hexane was added to 30 g of dried biomass.

The mixture was stirred at 300 rpm and kept at 60 ◦C for 8 h.

After extracting the lipid, the sample was centrifuged at 2000
rpm(358× g) for 20 min to remove the residue.

In order to eliminate the residual solvent, the top layer

mixture was filtered and evaporated multiple times.

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
• The method of calculating the percentage of oil
yield for each extraction is as follows:

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
Transesterification Reaction
• Transesterification process is used for biodiesel production from algae.

• Transesterification is an organic reaction in which the ‘R’ group of an

alcohol is exchanged with an ‘R’ group of an ester.

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 Result analysis and conclusion
Percentage of oil yield
• Spirulina sp. the percentage of oil yield for solvent
extraction(C), Soxhlet extraction(B), and ultrasonication(A) is
2.5%, 4.1%, and 6.6%, respectively.
• for Chlorella sp., the percentage of oil yield is 2.3%, 3.5%,
and 9.4%, respectively.

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 The percentage yield of microalgae by Soxhlet extraction with a
solvent system of chloroform, hexane, and methanol (C:H:M)
with different ratios.

Conclusion:
The study compared the efficacy of different lipid extraction methods on two microalgae species Chlorella
sp. and Spirulina sp.

Ultrasonication was found to be the best method to extract lipid from both species of microalgae, with
percentage oil yields. indicating their suitability as a renewable energy source.
 Advantage of biodisel from algae oil
- Renewable resource.
- Provide rapid growth rate.
- Produce different types of by products.
- Algae biofuel is bio degradable.
- Biofuel reduce co2 emission.

Disadvantages biodisel from algae oil

- Requires large amount of water
- High production cost using current technologies.
- Not always give energy efficient product.
- Large area of land are needed.
- Biodiversity loss.
- Need to be grown under controlled conditions.

Tejas S. Bhujbal
MSc Biotechnology II
 Reference
Elkelawy, M., Bastawissi, H.A.E., El Shenawy, E.A., Taha, M., Panchal, H. and
Sadasivuni, K.K., 2021. Study of performance, combustion, and emissions
parameters of DI-diesel engine fueled with algae biodiesel/diesel/n-pentane
blends. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 10, p.100058.

Khan, S., Siddique, R., Sajjad, W., Nabi, G., Hayat, K.M., Duan, P. and Yao, L., 2017.
Biodiesel production from algae to overcome the energy crisis. HAYATI Journal of
Biosciences, 24(4), pp.163-167.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Thank You….