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    Sadia Moin
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    The document discusses anemia, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, investigation, treatment, and prevention. It notes that anemia is a major health problem in India, affecting over half of Indian women. The objectives are defined as explaining what anemia is, its types and causes, associated symptoms, laboratory tests used for investigation, treatment approaches, and prevention methods. Key points covered include the various types of anemia, factors that can cause anemia, common symptoms like fatigue and dizziness, laboratory tests to quantify red blood cell parameters, and general treatment approaches involving diet, supplements, medication, and transfusion.

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    The document discusses anemia, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, investigation, treatment, and prevention. It notes that anemia is a major health problem in India, affecting over half of Indian women. The objectives are defined as explaining what anemia is, its types and causes, associated symptoms, laboratory tests used for investigation, treatment approaches, and prevention methods. Key points covered include the various types of anemia, factors that can cause anemia, common symptoms like fatigue and dizziness, laboratory tests to quantify red blood cell parameters, and general treatment approaches involving diet, supplements, medication, and transfusion.

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    7 views14 pages

    Anemia

    Uploaded by

    Sadia Moin
    The document discusses anemia, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, investigation, treatment, and prevention. It notes that anemia is a major health problem in India, affecting over half of Indian women. The objectives are defined as explaining what anemia is, its types and causes, associated symptoms, laboratory tests used for investigation, treatment approaches, and prevention methods. Key points covered include the various types of anemia, factors that can cause anemia, common symptoms like fatigue and dizziness, laboratory tests to quantify red blood cell parameters, and general treatment approaches involving diet, supplements, medication, and transfusion.

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    of 14

    ANEMIA • PRESENTED BY:

    • SADIA MOIN (10527)


    PRESENTED TO:
    SIR AMJAD JAMI
    INTRODUCTION

    • Anemia is a major killer in India.


    • Statistics reveal that every second Indian woman are anemic.
    • One in every five maternal deaths is directly due to anemia.
    • Anemia affects both adults and children of both sexes, although pregnant women and
    adolescent girls are most susceptible and most affected by this disease.
    OBJECTIVES
    • Definition of anemia.
    • Types of anemia.
    • Anemia causes.
    • Anemia symptoms.
    • Lab investigation of anemia.
    • Treatment.
    • Prevention.
    DEFINITION
    • Anemias are generally a sign of underlying pathology; therefore, determining the cause of the
    anemia is important.

    • Possible consequences of chronic anemia include reduced quality-of-life, decreased survival,


    and increased risk of cardiac complications, neurologic dysfunction, and surgical
    complications.

    • Awareness of anemia, its detection, investigation and management must be raised.


    CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ANEMIA

    • Patients may be asymptomatic or have vague complaints.


    • Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency may develop neurologic consequences.
    • In anemia of chronic disease, signs and symptoms of the underlying disorder often overshadow
    those of the anemia.
    TYPES OF ANEMIA
    CAUSES OF ANEMIA

    • Production defects
    • Maturation defects
    • Survival defects
    • Sequestration
    • Blood loss
    SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA
    • Fatigue
    • Headache
    • Yellowish skin
    • Irregular heartbeats
    • Chest pain
    • Cold hands
    • Dizziness
    • Leg cramps
    • Insomnia
    RISK FACTORS

    • Poor socio economic class.


    • Multiparity.
    • Teenage pregnancy.
    • Menstural problem.
    INVESTIGATION
    THE RED CELL POPULATION IS DEFINED BY :
    1. QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS:

    • VOLUME OF PACKED CELLS I.E. THE HEMATOCRIT.


    • HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION.
    • RED CELL CONCENTRATION PER UNIT VOLUME.
    2.QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS:

    • MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME.


    • MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN.
    • MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION.
    CONT…..
    Hematocrit ( packed cell volume):
    It is the proportion of the volume of blood sample that is occupied by rbcs.

    • MEN -42-52%
    • WOMEN -36-48%
    Cell volume hemoglobin concentration:
    It is the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood.(gms/dl)

    • WOMEN - 12-16GMS/DL
    • MEN - 14-17 GMS/DL
    Red cell count:
    Total number of red cells per unit volume of blood sample. [ no.of rbc/ cu.mm ].

    • MEN - 4.2-5.4*106//MM3.

    • WOMEN- 3.6-5.0* 106/MM3.


    TREATMENT

    • General treatment for anemia diet nutritional supplements: e.g.) iron, b12, folic acid treatment of
    infection or inflammation erythropoietin- drug to treat low blood cell count (mainly used with
    renal patients) blood transfusion bone marrow transplant
    GENERAL TREATMENT OF ANEMIA
    1. Diet.
    2. Nutitional supplements: e.g.) iron, b12, folic acid.
    3. Treatment of infection or inflammation.
    4. Erythropoietin- a drug to treat low blood cell count (mainly used with renal patients).
    5. Blood transfusion.
    6. Bone marrow transplant.

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