chronic disease

Yahya haj tahar

Bader chihaoui
PLAN
1 definition Chronic Disease
2: Major Chronic Diseases
A: Heart Disease and Stroke
B: Cancer
C: diabetes
3:Major Risk Factors
A: tobacco use
B:poor nutrition
C:physical inactivity
D: escssive alchohol use
1 definition Chronic Disease
Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions
that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical
attention or limit activities of daily living or both.
Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and
diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability
in the United States. They are also leading drivers of
the nation’s $4.1 trillion in annual health care costs.
Many chronic diseases are caused by a short list of
risk behaviors:
Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke.
Poor nutrition, including diets low in fruits and
vegetables and high in sodium and saturated fats.
Physical inactivity.
Excessive alcohol use.
2: Major Chronic Diseases

 A: Heart Disease and Stroke

 More than 877,500 Americans die of
heart disease, stroke, or other
cardiovascular diseases every year.
Heart disease and stroke are the first
and fifth leading causes of death in
the United States. The Nation’s
Risk Factors and CDC’s Response
 Leading risk factors for heart
disease and stroke are high blood
pressure, high low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,
diabetes, smoking and secondhand
smoke exposure, obesity, unhealthy
diet, and physical inactivity.
 B: Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
[2][7]
These contrast with benign tumors,
which do not spread.[7] Possible
signs and symptoms include a lump,
abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough,
unexplained weight loss, and a change in
bowel movements.[1] While these symptoms
may indicate cancer, they can also have other
causes.[1] Over 100 types of cancers affect
humans.[ Cancer is the second leading cause
of death in the United States, but many
kinds of cancer can be prevented or caught
early. Leading risk factors for preventable
cancers are smoking, getting too much
ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or
tanning beds, being overweight or having
obesity, and drinking too much alcohol.
 C: diabetes
 Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a
group of metabolic disorders characterized by a
high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) over a
prolonged period of time.[12][13] Symptoms often
include frequent urination, increased thirst and
increased appetite.[2] If left untreated, diabetes can
cause many health complications.[2] Acute
complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis,
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death.[3]
Serious long-term complications include
cardiovascular disease, stroke,
chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers,
damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes, and
cognitive impairment.[2][5] More than 37 million
people in the United States have diabetes. People
with diabetes are also at higher risk of heart disease,
stroke, and other serious complications like kidney
failure, blindness, and amputation of a toe, foot, or
leg. People with diabetes spend more on health care
and miss more workdays compared to people who
don’t have diabetes.
3:Major Risk Factors
 A: tobacco use
 Cigarette smoking leads to disease and
disability and harms nearly every organ of the
body. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease,
stroke, lung diseases, type 2 diabetes, and
other chronic health conditions. The impact
also extends beyond the person who smokes.
For example, smoking during pregnancy
increases the risk of premature birth (being
born too early) and sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS).
 Secondhand smoke, which affects 58 million
Americans who don’t smoke, also causes
stroke, lung cancer, and heart disease in adults.
Children who are exposed to secondhand
smoke are at increased risk of SIDS, impaired
lung function, acute respiratory infections,
middle ear disease, and more frequent and
severe asthma attacks.
 Cancer
B:poor nutrition
 Most people in the United States
don’t eat a healthy diet and
consume too much sodium,
saturated fat, and sugar,
increasing their risk of chronic
diseases Eating a healthy diet,
along with getting enough
physical activity and sleep, can
help children grow up healthy and
prevent overweight and obesity. In
the United States, 20% of young
people aged 2 to 19 years and 42%
of adults have obesity, which can
put them at risk of heart disease,
type 2 diabetes, and some cancers.
C:physical inactivity
 Heart Disease
 Not getting enough physical activity can lead
to heart disease—even for people who have
no other risk factors. It can also increase the
likelihood of developing other heart disease
risk factors, including obesity, high blood
pressure, high blood cholesterol, and type 2
diabetes.
 Type 2 Diabetes
 Not getting enough physical activity can raise
a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Physical activity helps control blood sugar
(glucose), weight, and blood pressure and
helps raise “good” cholesterol and lower
“bad” cholesterol. Adequate physical activity
—at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a
week—can also help reduce the risk of heart
disease and nerve damage, which are often
problems for people with diabetes.
D: escssive alchohol use
Excessive alcohol use is a leading preventable cause of
death in the United States, Drinking alcoholic beverages of
any kind, including wine, beer, and liquor, can contribute
to cancers of the mouth and throat, larynx (voice box),
esophagus, colon and rectum, liver, and breast (in women).
For some cancers, even less than one drink in a day can
increase risk. The less alcohol a person drinks, the lower the
risk of these types of cancer.
Immediate Health Effects
Excessive alcohol use has immediate effects that increase
the risk of many harmful health conditions, including the
following:
Injuries, Violence, and Poisonings