ACUTE

PANCREATITI
 ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Definition of terms
Review of its function/Pathophysiolog
Causes
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical Findings
Treatment
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Definition of terms
PANCREATITIS- inflammation of the pancreas; leads to
digestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes and/or
irreversible damage of organ.

ACUTE PANCREATITIS- sudden inflammation due to

something that has triggered the digestive enzymes to
activate inside the pancreas
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Definition of terms
• It comes on quickly.
• It is reversible if treated properly and quickly.
• Limited structure changes to the pancreas, can
be fatal.
• It can lead to chronic pancreatitis.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Review of its function
• Upper abdomen next to the duodenum
• Sphincter of Oddi
• Acinar cells
• Cells at islets of Langerhans
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Review of its function

• Upper abdomen next to the duodenum

• Sphincter of Oddi
• Acinar cells
• Cells at islets of Langerhans
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Review of its function
Pancreatitis leads to:
a. unable to deliver digestive enzymes and
hormones properly
b. pancreas swells and leaks digestive
enzymes into surrounding tissues and organs
c. blood sugar issues
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Pathophysiology
• Entrapment
• Obstruction
• Activation
• Reflux
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Pathophysiology
Key terms: Activation
• Enterokinase
• Trypsinogen
• Trypsin
• Chymotrypsin,carboxypeptidase, elastase,
phospholipase- inactive
• Amylase, lipase-active
• Zymogen granules /compartments
• Trypsin inhibitor
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Causes

1. Gallstones
2. Alcohol ingestion in high amount
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Clinical Manifestation
1. Severe abdominal pain
2. Fever
3. Cullen’s sign and Grey-turner’s sign
4. N/V
5. Hypotension
6. Hyperglycemia
7. Increased amylase and lipase
 Inflamed
Necrosis of pancreas
Decreased
pancreatic irritates
bowel sound
cells adjacent
intestines

Increased Activation of
pressure within Fever, N/V inactive
the pancreas zymogens
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Clinical Findings
1. Blood tests
- amylase, lipase, bilirubin,
CBC, glucose
2. CT scan
3. Ultrasound
4. ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangiopancreatography)
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Treatments
1. Maintain on NPO.
2. Maintain IV hydration
3. May need TPN.
4. Insert and maintain NGT
5. Monitor blood glucose and cover with insulin as
per MD's order.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Treatments
6. Monitor stools.
7. Monitor urine output and its color.
8. Administer pain meds as per MD order.
9. Admin drugs to decrease acid secretion and activate
pancreatic enzymes (PPI, H2 blockers, and antacids).
ACUTE PANCREATITIS Treatments
10. Diet education: Avoid greasy, fatty food and
alcohol; low fat, bland, small meals; high protein;
limit sugars and refined carbs; complex carbs
One more to go and we’re done!