Pharmacology-BASIC PRINCIPLES

薛勤
Dr. Qin Xue

Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University

Summary
 Summary
Definition
 Pharmacology: study the interaction of
between drug and living system
 Drug: A substance used in the
prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of
disease.
 Pharmacodynamics: drugs act on
bodies.
 Pharmacokinetics: bodies act on drugs
 summary of general introduction

Pharmacology

pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics
absorption
dualism
distribution
therapeutic effect
metabolism
adverse reaction excretion
 Summary-phamacokinetics
 Absorption: is the movement of a drug
from its site of administration into blood
circulation.
 Distribution: is the process of a drug from
blood circulation to tissue, to the interstitial
and intracellular fluids.
 Metabolism: biotransformation
 Excretion }
Elimination: drug is removed from the body
 Summary-phamacokinetics
t1/2 Elimination rate
First order 0.693/Ke proportional to
kinetics constant concentration

Zero order 0.5C0/K0 constant

kinetics not constant
 Summary-phamacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics parameters
 Half-life （ t1/2 ）
 Bioavailability （ F ）
 Volume of distribution （ Vd ）
 Clearance （ CL ）
 Steady state concentration （ Css ）
 Maintenance dose
 Loading dose
 Summary-phamacodynamics
 Definition
 Adverse effect: unwanted, and
harmful effects during drug therapy.
① side effect
② toxic effect
③ residual effect
④ withdrawal reaction
⑤ allergic reaction
⑥ idiosyncratic reaction
⑦ dependence
 Summary-phamacodynamics

Graded response
All or none response
 Summary-phamacodynamics
 Parameters
 Threshold dose
 Emax
 EC50/ED50
 Kd
 LD50/TD50
 TI=LD50/ED50 >3 Safty
 CSF=LD1/ED99 >1
 Summary-phamacodynamics
Definition
 Potency: Relative amount of drug
needed to produce a given response,
affinity, Kd, High
High affinity / low Kd less amount of
drug needed  high potency
Affinity=1/Kd
 Summary-phamacodynamics
Definition
 Efficacy: the ability of a drug to
produce the maximum response
Intrinsic activity: ɑ
 Summary-phamacodynamics
 Classification of receptor
① Ligand-gated ion channel receptors (N
receptor)
② G-protein coupled receptors (βreceptor)
③ Kinase-linked receptor (growth hormone
receptor, interferon)
④ Intracellular receptors (Glucocorticoid
receptor)
 Summary-phamacodynamics
 Drug and receptor
 Full agonist
 Partial agonist
 Inverse agonist
 Antagonist
① Competitive antagonist
② Non-competitive antagonist