Historical Development of

Gender
Presented By:
Name Registration No.
Nayem Ahammad 2018237062
Azharul Islam Suhan 2018237063
Md. A. Joheb Sharear 2018237065
Tahmina Akter Akhi 2018237067
Md Alamgir Hossan Raza 2018237068
Md.Jakaria Hossen 2018237069
Babli Marma 2018237070
 Introduction
• Gender is an interdisciplinary field of research that addresses the impact of
economic development and globalization on people based on their location,
gender, class background, and socio-political identities. The concept of gender
has evolved over the centuries, reflecting the interplay between societal norms,
individual agency, and broader forces of transformation.
• In the earliest human societies, gender roles were linked to the division of
labor, but as civilizations emerged, gender roles became more structured. The
Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution brought new ideas about equality
and individual rights, while the 19th and 20th centuries saw the rise of
feminism and significant strides in challenging traditional gender norms.
• Gender and Development focuses on key topics, sharing insights from
development initiatives, analyzing theoretical concepts, and analyzing current
events and trends in gender equality and women's rights.
 Meanings of Gender
The modern English word gender comes from the Middle English gender,
gendre, a loanword from Anglo-Norman and Middle French gendre. This,
in turn, came from Latin genus. Both words mean "kind", "type", or
"sort". They derive ultimately from a widely attested Proto-Indo-
European (PIE) root which is also the source of kin, kind, king, and many
other English words.

It appears in Modern French in the word genre (type, kind, also genre
sexuel) and is related to the Greek root gen- (to produce), appearing in
gene, genesis, and oxygen. The Oxford Etymological Dictionary of the
English Language of 1882 defined gender as kind, breed, sex, derived
from the Latin ablative case of genus, like genere natus, which refers to
birth. The first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary notes the original
meaning of gender as "kind" had already become obsolete.
 History of the Concept
• Gender as we know it now is a relatively new idea in human history. The knowledge of gender in the humanities and social
sciences that has developed over the last several decades was not possible in the ancient world. Gender had been historically
linked to grammar, and it wasn't until the 1950s and 1960s that it began to be understood as a cultural construct that could be
changed.

• The phrases "gender" and "sex" are sometimes used synonymously, leading to confusion between the two. But these terms are
not interchangeable. Although it is connected to sex, gender is a unique characteristic of a person. The way a person interacts
with the way their society views gendered groups ultimately determines this.

• Gender identity is a person's internal perception of themselves as male or female, while gender expression reveals this identity
through attire, hairstyle, cosmetics, and body language. Gender roles are established by cultures and can range from strict to
flexible. Gender identity is a self-identified process influenced by internal and external factors, while gender roles are
exhibited through specific behaviors.

• Gender is a social construct defining roles and obligations for men and women, encompassing preconceived notions of
femininity and masculinity. It helps analyze how gender differences are justified by accepted practices.
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• Gender encompasses social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or someone with different
gender identification. It is a key factor in social organization, affecting people's perceptions, actions, interactions, and allocation
of resources and power. Gender identity is a fluid concept that evolves over time and is not limited to a binary (boy/man,
girl/woman). Doctors should recognize that everyone has a gender identity, and that psychosocial development includes coming
to terms with it. Gender identity recognition is a journey rather than a specific milestone, and understanding the diverse routes
that culminate in a sound and mature gender identity is crucial for comprehensive behavioral health evaluation.
Gender and Development
Gender and development focuses on understanding the social constructions of
men and women, as well as how these constructions are reinforced by social
activities. It focuses on the gendered labor market and gender as an
institutionalized power relationship, using frameworks like "social relations
analysis" and "gender roles." The approach focuses on women, who often face
disadvantages in the workplace, and emphasizes the importance of promoting
gender equality. It also highlights the negative consequences of unequal power
dynamics and expectations placed on men and women due to preconceived
notions. Gender roles highlight how identities are socially constructed in the
home and how hierarchical power relations impact societal positions.
Gender and Development Approach
· This approach aims to empower women and men in population and
development activities in order to promote gender equality. It is designed to
facilitate the integration of gender concerns into the analysis, planning, and
organization of development policies, programs, and projects.

· A strategy that prioritizes equality in all domains where significant disparities

exist between men and women, particularly in: - the distribution of work; - the
ability to access services and resources; - management of resources and
benefits; - decision-making authority.

· A method that aims to create more equal interactions between the sexes rather
than concentrating only on women or men.

· A strategy that aims to increase women's participation at all levels rather than
marginalize men.

· A strategy that aims to ensure that access to resources is independent of a

person's gender identity rather than to transform women into males.
 The Historical Development Context
Development of Gender History
1. The presentation of women and femininity in history began centuries ago.
(Book of the City of Ladies, 1405)
2. The earliest histories of women following Pisan’s work focused on women
exercising moral and intellectual gifts.

Women History
3. Even before World War II a rich social history of women in almost every
class had emerged.
4. The MDGs have become one of the key entry points for advocates of gender
and development.
 Development of Women in Europe
Great Britain France
 Development of Women in Eastern Europe

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Development of Women in Asia & Pacific
Here are few general overviews of women in Asian history because most experts concentrate on Korea, China, Japan, India, and
other historically designated regions.

China Japan

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

The Development of Women in Africa

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

The Development of Women in United States

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Historical Development of Gender Role
1. Agriculture and agricultural technology
2. Language
3. Geography
4. Pre-industrial societal characteristics
(a) Matrilineality
(b) Matrilocality
(c) The dowry versus the bride price
(d) Other pre-industrial societal characteristics
5. Differences in historical family structures
6. Religion
7. Natural experiments in history
 Development Institutions & Gender
Mainstreaming
An approach to gender mainstreaming has emerged involving a series of strategic
elements:

(1) building capacities on priority issues, especially for gender analysis and
planning;
(2) making available sex-disaggregated data across sectors;
(3) establishing institutional accountability on gender-related mandates and
requirements;
(4) applying gender-related concepts at all management levels;
(5) allocating funds in order to apply gender-related concepts;
(6) assigning human resources, especially to monitor adherence to agreed
commitments; and
(7) ensuring systematic coordination and knowledge-sharing among all relevant
stakeholders.
 Gender & Macroeconomic:
Gender and macroeconomic policies refer to the ways in which economic policies, at the national or global
level, can impact and be influenced by gender-related factors. Gender plays a crucial role in shaping
economic outcomes, and addressing gender disparities is an essential aspect of policy formulation.

CHAPTER:- 1
1. Gender Inequality:

2. Labor Market:

3. Education and Training:

CHAPTER:- 2
4. Taxation:

2. Social Safety Nets:

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CHAPTER:-3
8. Infrastructure Development:

9. Financial Inclusion:

10. Gender-Responsive Budgeting:

CHAPTER:- 4
11. Data and Research:

12. Intersectionality:
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Chapter 5: Examines gender inequality in the labor market.

Chapter 6: Examines some of the broad theme of globalization.

Chapter 7: Examines women's access to finance.

Chapter8: Addresses gender budgeting.

Chapter9: Engendering macroeconomics and macro policy.

 Conclusion
In the world, more women than men are impoverished. Gender history
challenges the notion that males are unnoticeable, acknowledging women as
historical agents. The existence of a gender binary and its associated
characteristics has shaped and influenced every historical subject. Shifting
standards of behavior for those classified as male or female are another way
these societal constructs of gender are depicted.

Gender structures, such as family and state, often influence or coincide with a
society's religion, creating defining structures of equality and uniformity. In
today's cultures, men and women have separate roles, leading to practical
demands.
THE END
Thank you