Discrete Probability

Distribution
Subtitle
Discrete Probability Distribution

Listing of all possible values of a

discrete random variable along with
their corresponding probabilities.
Properties of Discrete Probability Distribution

The probability of each value of a discrete

random variable is between 0 and 1 inclusive.
0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1
The sum of all probabilities is 1.
∑ P(x)=1
Example:
Toss a fair coin thrice and let X be equal to the number of
tails (T) observed.
A discrete random variable x has the following
probability distribution, find the P(x)= 2.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.3 0.1 P(2) 0.2 0.1
PROBABILITY HISTOGRAM (PROBABILITY
GRAPH)

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1
PROBABILITY HISTOGRAM (PROBABILITY
GRAPH)
x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1
Random Variables and
Probability Distributions
 What is Statistics?
 The word statistics actually comes from the word “state”-
because government have been in the statistical activities
especially the conduct of censuses.
 Is defined a science that studies data to be able to make a
decision.
 It involves methods of collecting, processing summarizing and
analyzing data in order to provide answers or solutions to an
injury.
What is probability?
Probability is simply how likely something is to happen.
Whenever we’re unsure about the outcome of an event,
we can talk about the probabilities of certain outcomes-
how likely they are.
The analysis of events governed by probability is called
statistics.
What is Activity?
Activity is any activity which can be done
repeatedly under similar conditions.
Examples:
• Answering multiple choice question
• Answering true or false question
• Tossing a coin
Sample Space

Is the set of all POSSIBLE outcomes of

an experiment.
 Definition of Terms
Universe
- Universe is the collection or set of units or entities from whom we got the data.
Variable
- A variable is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of the
universe.
Population
- A population is the set of all possible values of a variable.
Sample
- Sample is the subgroup of a universe or of a population.
Random Variables and Probability
Distribution
What is Random Variable?
- It is a function that associates a real number to each element in
the sample space.
- It is a result of chance in an event that you can measure or
count.
- It is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment.
NOTE: We use capital letters to represent a random variable.
Steps in Finding the Random Variable

Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned value in
each outcome and assign this number to this
outcome.
Step 3: Make a Conclusion.
 Example 1
Suppose two coins are tossed and we are interested to determine the
number of tails that will come out. Let us use T to represent the number
of tails that will come out. Determine the values of the random variable
T.
Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned

value in each outcome and assign this
number to this outcome.

Step 3: Make a Conclusion.

Example 1
Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned

value in each outcome and assign this
number to this outcome.

Step 3: Make a Conclusion.

The values of random variable T (number of tails) in this
experiment are 0 , 1 , 2.
Example 2
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn
containing 5 orange balls and 6 violet balls. Let V be the random
variable representing the number of violet balls. Find the values of the
random variable.
Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned

value in each outcome and assign this
number to this outcome.

Step 3: Make a Conclusion.

 Example 2
Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned

value in each outcome and assign this
number to this outcome.

Step 3: Make a Conclusion.

The values of the random variable V (number of violet balls) in this

experiment are 0,1 and 2.
Discrete and Continuous Random Variable
A random variable may be classified as discrete
and continuous.
A discrete random variable has a countable
number of possible values.

A continuous random variable can assume an

infinite number of values in one or more intervals.
Example of Discrete and Continuous
Random Variable

Possible values are Possible values are not

countable, whole countable, not whole
number and have a fix number and does not
value. have a fix value.
Probability Distribution and Histogram for the
Probability Distribution
Steps in Constructing the Probability Distribution and Histogram for
the Probability Distribution Step 4: Construct the frequency
distribution of the values of the
Step 1: List the sample space, S random variable T.
Step 5: Construct the probability
Step 2: Count the number of the distribution of the random variable T
assigned value in each outcome and by getting the probability of
assign this number to this outcome. occurrence of each value of the
random variable.
Step 6: Construct the probability
Step 3: Make a Conclusion. Histogram.
Let’s use Example 1.
Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned

value in each outcome and assign this
number to this outcome.

Step 3: Make a Conclusion.

The values of random variable T (number of tails) in this
experiment are 0 , 1 , 2.
Let’s use Example 1.
Step 1: List the sample space, S
Step 2: Count the number of the assigned value
in each outcome and assign this number to this
outcome.
Step 3: Make a Conclusion.
Step 4: Construct the frequency distribution of
the values of the random variable T.
Step 5: Construct the probability distribution of the random variable T by getting
the probability of occurrence of each value of the random variable.

T 2 1 0
P(T) ¼ ½ ¼
Step 6: Construct the probability Histogram.
T 2 1 0
P(T) ¼ ½ ¼
For your activity, follow the
steps 4, 5 and 6 for the given
Example 2.
 RECAP
What is Random Variable?
- It is a function that associates a real number to each element in
the sample space.
- It is a result of chance in an event that you can measure or
count.
- It is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment.
Steps in Finding the Random Variable

Step 1: List the sample space, S

Step 2: Count the number of the assigned value in
each outcome and assign this number to this
outcome.
Step 3: Make a Conclusion.
Discrete and Continuous Random Variable
A random variable may be classified as discrete
and continuous.
A discrete random variable has a countable
number of possible values.

A continuous random variable can assume an

infinite number of values in one or more intervals.
Steps in Constructing Probability Distribution
and Histogram for the Probability Distribution
Steps in Constructing the Probability Distribution and Histogram for
the Probability Distribution Step 4: Construct the frequency
distribution of the values of the
Step 1: List the sample space, S random variable T.
Step 5: Construct the probability
Step 2: Count the number of the distribution of the random variable T
assigned value in each outcome and by getting the probability of
assign this number to this outcome. occurrence of each value of the
random variable.
Step 6: Construct the probability
Step 3: Make a Conclusion. Histogram.
THANK YOU AND GOD
BLESS!