SMART HOME SYSTEMS

Presented To – Ms. Nisha Singh

PRESENTED BY -AYUSH KUMAR (2K21/IT/48)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

. S.No TOPIC

1 Introduction

2 What are distributed systems

3 Benefits of distributed systems in smart homes

4 Challenges in implementing distributed systems

5 Physical aspects and implementation considerations for IOT and Smart

homes
6 Differentiation between Z wave and Zigbee Protocols

7 OpenHAB Framework

8 Zigbee Protocol

9 Future Trends in smart homes technology

10 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
In this presentation,

we will delve into the world of smart home

technologies. We will explore

the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of

distributed systems in creating smarter and

more efficient homes.

 WHAT ARE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS?

Distributed systems are networks of interconnected devices that work

together to achieve a common goal.

In the context of smart home technologies, distributed systems enable

seamless communication and coordination among various devices such as
thermostats, security systems, and appliances. By distributing intelligence
and control, these systems enhance efficiency, flexibility, and user
experience in smart homes.
 BENEFITS OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS IN SMART HOMES

Distributed systems offer several key benefits in smart home technologies.

● SCALABILITY: smart home systems can easily scale by adding new devices to the network.
Whether it is integrating a new smart thermostat ore adding more security cameras, the
distributed nature of the system allows for seamless expansion.
● RELIABILITY: They enhance reliability by distributing tasks and ensuring redundancy.
Critical functions and data can be duplicated across multiple devices or nodes. If one node
fails, another can seamlessly take over.
● INTER-OPERABILITY: Distributed systems also enable interoperability among devices from
different
manufacturers, fostering a seamless user experience. Moreover, these systems improve
energy efficiency by optimizing resource usage and enabling intelligent automation.
● Real-time Responsiveness: Distributed systems enable real-time interactions between
devices. In the context of smart homes, this means that devices can respond quickly to
events, such as motion detection or temperature changes, without relying on a centralized
processing unit.
● Decentralized Control:Smart home systems often distribute control logic across various
devices and hubs. This decentralization means that even if one control hub becomes
unavailable, individual devices can still operate based on local rules or predefined
configurations.
CHALLENNGES IN IMPLEMENTING DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
● SECURITY concerns: As smart home systems involve the collection and transmission of
data, there are concerns about privacy and the potential for hacking. Securing devices and
networks is crucial.
● Data SYNCHRONIZATION: Data synchronization poses several challenges in smart home
distributed systems, mainly due to the diverse nature of devices, communication protocols,
and the need for real-time or near-real-time updates.
● INTER-OPERABILITY issues: Some devices may not be compatible with others due to
different communication protocols. Industry efforts are being made to standardize protocols
for better interoperability.
● FAULT TOLERANCE: If one device or sensor fails, the overall functionality of the smart
home system should continue to operate, ensuring that critical functionality is only
minimally compromised.
● Complexity: Setting up and configuring a smart home system can be complex for some
users, requiring a certain level of technical knowledge.
● Big Data: Many more advanced IoT systems depend on the analysis of vast quantities of
data. There is a need, for example, to extract patterns from historical data that can be used
to derive decisions about future actions. The extraction of useful information from complex
data such as video is another example of analysis requiring large amounts of processing.
 PRACTICAL ASPECTS AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR IOT AND
SMART HOME

Advanced smart home components include: IoT

sensors, gateways, protocols, firmware, cloud
computing, databases, middleware and
gateways.

The Figure demonstrates the main components

of the proposed advanced smart home and the
connection and data flow among its components.

Fig: Advanced smart home composition

.

● The smart home application updates the home database in the cloud to allow remote
people access it and get the latest status of the home.
● A typical IoT platform contains: device security and authentication, device administration,
protocols, data collection, visualization and analysis capabilities, integration with other web
services, scalability, APIs for real-time information flow and open source libraries.
● IoT sensors for home automation are known by their sensing capabilities, such as:
temperature, lux(measure luminosity), water level, air composition, surveillance video
cameras, voice/sound, pressure, humidity, etc. Sound detectors are widely used for
monitoring purposes
● Smart home communication protocols:
1) Zigbee protocol: is mesh networked, low power radio frequency-based protocol for wireless
connection.
2) X10 protocol: is an open protocol for communication between home automation devices that
mainly uses network wiring for signaling and control, superimposing the signals on the
waveform of the sine wave.
3) Insteon protocol:gives you the flexibility to install accessories anywhere in your home, as
long as you have a power outlet or wireless signal. The Insteon protocol is mainly controlled
through the app they developed.It's not the kind of protocol designed to be plug-and-play.
learning curve for Insteon is a bit steeper than most
.

4) Z-wave protocol:it is a mesh network using low-energy radio waves to communicate from
device to device,[2] allowing for wireless control of smart home devices
5) Thread protocol: it is an IPv6-based, secure, low-power mesh networking technology for
Internet of things(IoT) products.

● Deployment of blockchain into home networks can easily be done with Raspberry Pi. A
blockchain secured layer between devices and gateways can be implemented without a
massive revamp of the existing code base. Blockchain is a technology that will play a role
in the future to reassure them with revolutionary and new business models like dynamic
renting for Airbnb
.

From the definition, Zwave and Zigbee protocols sound very similar so here is the differentiation between the two

protocols.
Z wave protocol Zigbee Protocol
It is a protocol for communication between It is an open standard wireless connection.
devices used for home automation.
ideal for someone with a basic understanding ideal for someone with a solid understanding of
of technology. technology.
It is slower compared to Zigbee. It is faster compared to Z wave.
It uses Sub1G band. It uses 2.4GHZ band.
There is no international standard. There is a international standard
IEEE8.02.15.4.
Pros- Pros-
It consumes less energy. Mesh networks can handle more devices.
It does not affect Wi-Fi. Runs more quickly

Cons- Cons-
Cordless landline phones and small monitors It consumes more energy.
may be affected. Wi-Fi interference
Slows down
 .

OpenHAB Framework
●
Open Home Automation Bus is a framework, combining home automation and IoT gateway for
smart homes. It leverages the following layers stacked together:
1)Modular layer: Manages dependencies between bundles
2) Life cycle layer: controls the life cycle of the bundles
3) Service layers: defines a dynamic model of communication between various modules
4) Actual services: this is the application layer, using all other layers
5) Security layer: optional, leverages Java 2 security architecture and manages permissions
from
different modules.

SOME FEATURES OF OpenHAB:

1) A powerful and flexible engine for rule design based on
apartment automation requirements.
2) Time and event-based triggers, actions, and notifications.
3) Compatibility with multiple Operating Systems.
4) Ability to add custom widgets.
5)Voice control
 ZigBee Protocol
.

 ZigBee is a standard that addresses the need for very low-cost implementation of Low power devices
with Low data rates for short-range wireless communications. Its most famous application is in
Amazon Echo.
 Zigbee devices: 1)Zigbee Coordinator Device: It communicates with routers. This device is used for
connecting the devices.
2)Zigbee Router: It is used for passing the data between devices.
3) Zigbee End Device: It is the device that is going to be controlled.
● The ZigBee specification supports star and two kinds of peer-to-peer topologies, mesh and cluster
tree.
1) Star Topology (ZigBee Smart Energy): Consists of a coordinator and several end devices, end devices
communicate only with the coordinator.
2)Mesh Topology (Self Healing Process): Mesh topology consists of one coordinator, several routers,
and end devices.also called peer to peer.
3)Tree Topology: In this topology, the network consists of a central node which is a coordinator, several
routers, and end devices. the function of the router is to extend the network coverage.
 ZigBee Protocol(continue)
.

 Zigbee architecture is a combination of 6 layers.

1) Physical layer: The Physical layer is closest to the hardware and directly
controls and communicates with the Zigbee radio. The physical layer translates
the data packets in the over-the-air bits for transmission and vice-versa during
the reception.
2) Medium Access Control layer (MAC layer): The layer is responsible for the
interface between the physical and network layer. The MAC layer is also
responsible for providing PAN ID and also network discovery through beacon
requests.
3) Network Layer: Adds routing capabilities that allows RF data packets to
traverse multiple devices (multiple hops) to route data from source to
destination (peer to peer).
4 & 5)Application Support Sublayer(APS) and Application Framework :
Application layer that defines various addressing objects including profiles, clusters,
and endpoints
6) Zigbee device Object(ZDO): Application layer that provides device and service
discovery features and advanced network management capabilities.
 FUTURE TRENDS IN SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY
The future of smart home technology holds exciting possibilities. We can expect increased integration of
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, enabling seamless connectivity and control. Artificial Intelligence will
continue to advance, providing more sophisticated automation and personalized experiences. Edge
computing will gain prominence, reducing latency and enhancing real-time processing. Furthermore, the
integration of renewable energy sources and energy management systems will drive energy efficiency in
smart homes.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI) plays a vital role in enhancing the capabilities of smart home
ecosystems. AI algorithms enable intelligent automation, predictive analytics, and personalized user
experiences. Machine learning algorithms can learn user preferences and adapt the system accordingly.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) enables voice control and interaction with the smart home
ecosystem. The integration of AI technologies brings advanced automation and convenience to
homeowners.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, distributed systems are revolutionizing smart home

technologies by unlocking their full potential. These systems offer
scalability, reliability, interoperability, and energy efficiency.
However, challenges such as security, data synchronization, and
compatibility need to be addressed. The future holds exciting
possibilities with AI, edge computing, and blockchain. By
overcoming challenges and embracing innovation, we can create
smarter and more connected homes for a better future.
THANK YOU