HAZARDS AND

RISKS
Hazard is anything that may cause harm to
an individual, such as chemicals, electricity,
open drawers, and inadequate ventilation .

RISK IS THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOMEBODY

COULD BE HARMED BY THESE AND OTHER
HAZARDS AND THE INDICATION OF HOW
SERIOUS THE HARM CAN BE.
Occupational Health and Safety
is the campaign and maintenance of the well-being of
workers in every occupation. It talks about providing a safe
working environment to achieve an injury-free workplace
and a healthy atmosphere that protects every worker
against illness. As an effect, it may also protect co-workers,
family members, clients, and other members of the
community who are affected by the workplace environment.
 Types of Hazards
Physical hazards are the most normal occurrences in
workplaces. They are usually easy to detect, however,
very often are neglected because people are too
accustomed to them. Another reason may be due to
lack of knowledge or people do not see situations as
hazards.
 Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:

*Electrical hazards: Even in day care

institutions or nursing homes where care
should be of utmost concern, improper wiring
and frayed cords may still go unnoticed.
Misuse of electrical equipment also happens
in any type of work environment
* Endless loud noise: If one is going to work in a
nursing home, frequent noise from patients
who are suffering from depression is definitely a
hazard.
*Spills on floors or tripping hazards: There
are times when even the caregivers
themselves do not mind spills on floors.
This, definitely, poses hazard to everyone.
Some of the Effects of Physical Hazards
1.Fire
2. Decreased efficiency
3 Annoyance
4.Falls
Biological hazards come from working with
animals, people or infectious materials. This
is, therefore, one of the most common
hazards that a caregiver faces. If one is
working in a day care, hospital, hotel
laundry, nursing home, laboratories, he/she
may be exposed to biological hazards
 Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:

1.blood or other body fluids

2.fungi
3.bacteria and viruses
4.contaminated waste
Some of the Effects of Biological Hazards
1.infections
2.skin irritations
3. allergy
4.Tuberculosis
5.AIDS
Ergonomic hazards occur when a
caregiver’s nature of work, body
position and working conditions
put pressure on his/her body
Examples of ergonomic hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:

1. performing tasks that require lifting heavy loads

2.too much bending and reaching
3. standing for long periods of time
4.holding body parts for long period of time
5. awkward movements, especially if they are
repetitive  repeating the same movements over
and over
Some of the Effects of Ergonomic Hazards
1. pain in the shoulders
2. back injury
3. too much impact on wrist and hands
4. numbness in some parts of the body
5.muscle cramps
Chemical hazards are present when a worker
is exposed to any chemical preparation in the
workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas).
There may be chemicals which are safe, but
some caregivers who are sensitive to solutions
may cause skin irritation, illness or breathing
problems.
Examples of chemical hazards that a
caregiver may be exposed to:

1. LIQUIDS LIKE CLEANING

PRODUCTS
2. DISINFECTING SOLUTIONS
 Effects of Chemical Hazard
1 Lung diseases
2.Difficulty in breathing
3.Allergy
Psychological Hazards take
place when a caregiver’s
work environment becomes
stressful or demanding
 Examples of psychological hazards that a caregiver may be
exposed to:

1 ―Burn out, fatigue and on call duty

2 Unreasonable expectations from patients or
clients
3 Verbal abuse form dissatisfied clients
4 Unreasonable expectations from supervisors and
management.
Some of the Effects of Psychological Hazards
1.Depression
2.Anxiety
3. Loss of confidence
4.Loss of concentration at work
5.Deterioration of performance
at work
Recognizing Hazards and Risks in the Workplace

The following are some ways for a

caregiver to determine health and
safety problems:
1. A caregiver should observe the workplace.
2. A caregiver may examine complaints from
his/her co-workers
3. A caregiver should check accident records.
4. A caregiver should examine chart on results of
inspections done by the employers or private
organizations.
5. A caregiver may use checklists
and inspect the workplace.
6. A caregiver may study reports or
any other vital information about
the nursing home
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, or
False if it is incorrect.
1. __________Occupational hazards and risks can be prevented.
2. __________Hazard is the possibility that somebody could be
harmed by these and other hazards and the indication of how serious
the harm can be.
3. __________Performing repeated movements in the workplace are
an example of biological hazard.
4. __________Occupational health and safety is the promotion of
health and safety of every working man.
5. __________Every caregiver should take part in determining the
5. Place tools that have been sterilized
in a clean covered container. Hazardous
waste is “waste with properties that
make it dangerous or capable of having
a harmful effect on human health or the
environment.” Once an item containing
hazardous properties is no longer
usable, it is deemed hazardous waste.
Common Hazardous Wastes
Today’s beauty salons and spas
offer a range of services – from
hair styling to nail and skin
treatments as well as retail
products. By providing these
services, however, many wastes
can be generated.
Examples of products that may be considered a
RCRA(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA))
hazardous waste in your salon or spa can
include, but are not limited to: acetone or nail
polish remover; aerosols, including hair spray and
quick nail dry; acrylic nail liquids and powders;
adhesives, including cyanoacrylate nail glue; nail
base and top coats; nail polish; certain gels; hair
coloring, dye and bleach; disinfectants used to
equipment and other tools; some soaps and
shampoos (state regulated) ; fluorescent bulbs;
batteries; and electronics.
Hazardous Waste Best Practices
The most important first step salon or spa
owners and managers should
take is making sure a waste management
compliance program is set in place. Below
are several best practices for bagging,
separating and storing hazardous waste
items that will help ensure the safety and
compliance of your program:
1. Properly seal items. Prior to
storing any hazardous waste
items in a bin, place them
individually in a sealed plastic
bag. This will keep items from
mixing and causing a reaction.
2. Use separate bins. Incompatible
hazardous waste items must remain
separate. It’s recommended to use
designated bins for each type of
hazardous waste category: aerosols
and flammables, toxics, corrosive
acidic, corrosive alkaline (basic),
oxidizers and universal waste.
3. Label containers properly. Once the
initial item is placed within a bin, label
the container as hazardous waste and
also include the accumulation
start date and an indication of the
hazardous characteristic of the waste.
Should an inspector ever visit your
salon, proper labelling is one of the first
things they will evaluate.
4. Scout a safe storage area. Store
accumulation bins in a dedicated,
clean and neatly organized hazardous
waste area. Make sure bins are
stored away from heavy traffic areas,
electrical panels, and perishable or
consumable product storage and
dock doors.
Learning Task 1: Answer the following
questions in your paper. (100 words each
item)
1. What would happen if you did not follow
expected standards regarding health and
safety in the salon?
2. Why is it important to sterilize tools?
3. What are some ways of disposing
waste?
Cotton balls Bottled Shampoo
Mask Hair coloring
Paper
Tissue paper Polish Remover
Foil
Hair
Learning Task 3: Gather tools and implements
and perform sterilization technique. In your paper,
ask your parents or siblings to rate you using the
rubrics below.
Materials Needed:
1. Cleaning materials
2. Sterilization
3. 70% alcohol
4. Soap/liquid/bar
5. Cotton
6. Antiseptic solution/Lysol
Criteria for Grading Score
1. Gathered and sterilized tools with
100% accuracy - 5
2. Gathered and sterilized tools with
75% accuracy - 3
3. Gathered and sterilized tools with
50% accuracy - 1
Learning Task 4: Fill in the blanks with
the correct answer. Write your answer in
your paper.
1. Sterilization and sanitation techniques
practice in the salon involves the_____
A. use of physical agents
B. use of chemical agents above
C. use of radiation
D. all of the
2. Most effective method of
sterilizing objects in the
salon______.
A. Autoclaving C. heating
B. moist heat D. dry heat
3. To sanitize floors sinks and
toilet bowls in the beauty
salon, use_____.
A. alcohol C. antiseptic
B. formalin D. Lysol
4. The destruction of all living
microorganisms is called____
A. sanitization
B. fumigation
C. sterilization
D. radiation
5. The strength of alcohol used
for disinfecting implements
should be____.
A. 20 %
B. 30 %
C. 40 %
D. 70 %
Learning Task 5: In your paper, answer the
following questions.
1. How do salons be effective in terms of waste
segregation?
________________________________________________________
2. Who are the most responsible in waste
segregation inside the salon?
________________________________________________________
3. As a good citizen how will you engage yourself in
waste management?
________________________________________________________