Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Occupational Health and Safety or OHS deals with the safety, health and welfare of personnel in
work environment. The objective of OHS is to put into practice the programs that will ensure a safe
and a healthy working environment.
OHS must holistically include not only factory workers, but all other external persons who are
affected by the work environment and activities. This includes visitors, vendors, customers and
other stakeholders.
Occupational health and safety aims at preventing hazards at the Workplace. Activities at the
workplace carry various risks which may lead to accidents, bodily injuries, hearing impairment,
circulatory, musculoskeletal and respiratory diseases, stress-related disorders and even cancers.
These are undesirable as the legal and moral responsibility is on the Organization’s Top
Management to provide a work environment that is safe and healthy.
Lack of assessment of work practices that are unsafe and / or spread diseases.
Use of equipment and / or materials that are unsafe and spread diseases.
No learning's from “near misses” that could potentially become future accidents.
1. Employee error
2. Equipment insufficiency
3. Procedure insufficiency
EMPLOYEE ERROR
1. Failure of procedure of
eliciting warning of hazard.
2. Inappropriate procedure for
handling materials.
MAJOR HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS
1. Skin diseases, which are illnesses involving the worker’s skin that are caused by work
exposure to chemicals, plants or other substances.
2. Respiratory Conditions, illnesses associated with breathing hazardous biological
agents, chemicals, dust, gases or fumes at work (e.g. tuberculosis and occupational
asthma).
3. Poisoning includes disorders evidences by abnormal concentration of toxic substance
in blood, tissues, bodily fluids or the breath that are caused by ingestion or absorption
of toxic substance into the body.
REPETITIVE MOTION & LOWER BACK DISORDERS
1. Affects tendons that become inflamed from the strains and stresses repeated, forceful motion.
2. Primarily affects the neck, back, legs, arms, hands, wrists or elbows.
3. Carpal tunnel syndrome (pain in the wrist bone) is the most common repetitive motion disorder.
4. Frequently caused by engaging in activities such as lifting, carrying and pulling of objects.
WORKPLACE STRESS
1. Excessive amount of stress can have ill health
effects such as ulcers, hypertension, headaches
and cardiac conditions.
2. Stressed employee may perform poorly or suffer
low morale.
3. Causes include unclear supervisory directives,
unclear deadlines for completing work, poor
relationship with co-workers and overly close
supervision.
WAYS TO ELIMINATE OR AT LEAST MINIMIZE JOB
STRESS
1. Effective selection and training procedures to help
ensure that workers are properly suited to the demands
of their jobs.
2. Clear job descriptions to reduce worker uncertainty
regarding job responsibilities.
3. Effective job performance system to relieve stress by
clarifying performance expectations.
4. Effective rewards programs to relieve stress by
reducing worker uncertainty regarding rewards.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
1. Introduction Of PPE.
2. Ladder safety
3. Handling Chemicals safety
4. Electrical safety
5. Fire safety
6. Slips, Trips, and Falls safety
7. Lifting appliances safety
8. Entry into compiled space safety
9. Power tools safety
10. Hand tools safety
11. House keeping safety
12. Avoid Hand Injuries
5. Wear the right personal protective equipment depending on the chemical involved.
6. Learn the procedure for removing & disposing of contaminated clothing.
7. Close chemical containers when not in use.
8. Make sure the containers are labelled.
9. Store chemicals according to manufacturer's instructions.
10. Know what to do in case of an emergency.
11. Wash before eating, drinking etc.
12. Keep beverages, food etc. out of work area.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Following are some reminders about electrical safety:
1. Keep electricity & moisture away from each other.
2. Report any indication of electrical malfunction.
3. Never attempt electrical repair unless you are qualified and authorized.
4. Do not alter plugs by removing third pin of the plug to connect into two pin plug. This defeats the
safety of a ground wire.
5. Extension cords should be used only temporarily.
6. Use GFCI \ ELCB while using electrical tools, amid moisture or outdoors.
7. Wear correct personal protective equipment.
8. Stay away from high voltage installation.
9. In case of an electrical shock, do not touch the affected person unless power has been disconnected.
10. Never put water on electrical fire. Use correct fire extinguisher.
FIRE SAFETY
Fire prevention is everyone's responsibility at work. Promptly report any fire hazards so that they
can be eliminated.
Follow these guidelines of fire prevention:
1. Maintain electrical equipment properly to avoid short circuit & overloading.
2. Do not overload circuits.
3. Store materials safely. Flammable materials should be stored safely.
4. Dispose of oil rags properly in covered containers.
5. Keep prophetic waste in specific containers and in wet condition.
6. Know the fire extinguisher and how to use it.
7. Fire extinguisher must be maintained and recharged as per schedule.
8. Do not obstruct fire extinguishers.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER USE – P.A.S.S.
The acronym “P.A.S.S.” Describes the four-steps used in operating a fire extinguisher.
1. Pull: Pull the safety pin on the extinguisher.
2. Aim: Aim the hose of the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
3. Squeeze: Squeeze the handle to discharge the material.
4. Sweep: Sweep the hose across the base of the fire from side to side.
SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS
Falls are a leading cause of injury in all level of workplaces. These are caused by slipping on a surface, tripping on an
obstacle, while stepping off an elevated surface etc.
Follow these tips to prevent falls:
1. Keep workplace free of obstacles & clutter.
2. Keep walking surface clean and dry.
3. Block \ barricade the areas while cleaning floors.
4. Wipe up the spills immediately or barricade temporarily.
5. Report hazards on surfaces immediately.
6. Avoid running cables or cords on the walkways.
7. Use ladders safely.
8. Ensure scaffolds are erected correctly & certified.
9. Wear proper footwear.
10. Maintain adequate illumination.
12. Store tools, cables and hoses in a safe and tidy fashion.
HAND TOOLS
Whether you have a tool cabinet filled with expensive tools or a kitchen junk drawer containing a hammer
and a screwdriver, you have to use hand tools safely. When using hand tools, the following general
principles should be followed:
1. Use the correct tool for the job.
2. Do not use damaged or worn out tools.
3. Never use a file without a handle - file tangs are dangerous.
4. Use spanners that fit the nut or bolt head properly.
5. Keep your hands behind the cutting edge when using cutting tools.
6. If you use knives or scissors in your work, keep them in a safe place.
7. Use reduced - sparking tools as instructed when there is a risk from flammable or explosive material.
8. Keep your tools clean and in good condition. Protect the edges of sharp tools, both when carried and in
store.
9. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
10. When working on heights, place tools in a box or on a sack to prevent them falling on to the floor below.
12. Tie the tools with rope to prevent falling or hitting others.
HOUSE – KEEPING SAFETY
Housekeeping at workplace is part of your job. Keeping your workplace clean & tidy helps avoid
accidents, incidents, falls, cuts, fires & chemical exposures.
Follow these tips for safe workplace housekeeping:
1. Keep all material & equipment in proper storage place when not.
2. Keep aisles & walkways clear.
3. Keep emergency equipment in good condition & free of obstacles.
4. Clean up spills immediately. Know what to do to take care of chemical spills and Keep properly
in labelled containers.
5. Keep trash & scrap cleaned regularly.
6. Confine you’re eating & drinking to the food shelters only.
7. Store prophetic waste in designated prophetic drums only in wet condition.
8. Maintain electrical equipment, cords untangled & away from heat, moisture.
AVOID HAND INJURIES
Your hands are two of your most important assets.
By recognizing hazards, following established safety guidelines, and using protective guards, shields,
gloves and other personal protective devices.
Here are some safety guidelines that can help you protect your hands:
1. Inspect tools, equipment and machinery before use to make sure that they are in good operating
condition.
2. Use the appropriate personal protective equipment - gloves, guards, forearm cuffs an barrier
creams (for example, when working with chemicals).
3. Always wear gloves to protect your hands from heat, acid, caustic, oil, sharp edges and general
wear & tear. Remember not to wear gloves near moving machinery as these can trap the hand.
4. Disconnect power and follow established lockout procedures before repairing or cleaning
machinery, and use brushes to wipe away any debris.
5. Never wear jeweller, such as rings, bracelets and watches, or loose clothing when working with
moving machine parts.
6. Select tools designed to keep wrists straight to help avoid repetitive motion / overuse problems.
EYE PROTECTION
1. Eyes are one of the most vulnerable parts of the body. They are susceptible to all kinds of injuries if not properly
protected.
2. Protect your eyes from:
Splash or spray of chemicals
Dust or flying particles
Sharp objects or splinters
Extreme heat, fumes or mists
Exposure to UV light, infrared rays etc.
3. Wear right kind of protective eye wear such as safety glasses, goggles, face shields, hoods, welding helmets etc.
4. Replace scratched or broken lenses immediately.
5. Learn to use eyewash and use them immediately when you get something in your eyes.
6. Use other safety measures to prevent eye injuries such as:
Protective screens for flying particles
Use enclosures for processes with dust, mist, vapour
Exhaust system for dust & fumes
Vacuuming for reducing dust
Dampening of area to reduce dust
EMPLOYEE WELLNESS