DOMESTIC WASTE

WATER
Water crisis in India
Water scarcity in India is an ongoing water crisis that affects
nearly hundreds of million of people each year. In addition
to affecting the huge rural and urban population, the water
scarcity in India also extensively affects the ecosystem and
agriculture. India has only 4% of the world’s fresh water
resources despite a population of over 1.3 billion people.
What is waste water ?
Wastewater is generated after the use of fresh water in a
variety of applications, and usually involves leaching,
flushing, or washing away waste products and nutrients
added to the water during these applications. A more
detailed definition for wastewater is "Used water from any
combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or
agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any
sewer inflow or sewer infiltration".
Types of Waste water
Domestic: Wastewater by residential, shop, house, offices
, schools, etc. and normally generated from toilets, sinks,
and bathrooms.
Industrial: Wastewater generated by industries. Quantity
and quality depends on the type of industry.
Strom water: Wastewater generated from rain and
snowmelt that flows over land or impervious surfaces.
Introduction to domestic wastewater
Domestic wastewater (or sewage, domestic sewage,
municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is
produced by a community of people. It is typically
transported through a sewer system. Sewage consists of
wastewater discharged from residences and from
commercial, institutional and public facilities that exist in
the locality.
Types of domestic wastewater
◦ Blackwater: Blackwater in a sanitation context denotes wastewater from
toilets, which likely contains pathogens which may spread by the fecal–
oral route. Blackwater can contain feces, urine, water and toilet paper from
flush toilets.
◦ Greywater: Greywater (or grey water, sullage, also spelled gray water in
the United States) refers to domestic wastewater generated in households
or office buildings from streams without fecal contamination, i.e., all
streams except for the wastewater from toilets. Sources of greywater
include sinks, showers, baths, washing machines or dishwashers.
Harmful effects
◦ Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases
that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water.
Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing
world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the
primary cause of infant mortality.
◦ Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae
and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes the
suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms.
◦ Sulfate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine
life in the rivers and lakes it contaminates, and can result in
mortality.
◦ Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking
water and the aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended
particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the
water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-
organisms.
 DEWATS
DECENTRALISED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEM
DEWATS – a brief insight into technical configuration
Typical DEWATS combine the following technical
treatment steps in a modular
manner:
• primary treatment – in sedimentation ponds, settlers,
septic tanks or biodigester
• secondary treatment – in anaerobic baffled reactors,
anaerobic filters
or anaerobic and facultative pond systems
• secondary aerobic/facultative treatment – in horizontal
gravel filters
• post-treatment – in aerobic polishing ponds
Settler
◦ Settler is nothing but septic tank
◦ Consists of min 2 to 3 compartments
◦ Here sediments are settled in the sedimentation/settler tank
◦ Outlet is free from settleable solids
◦ Dissolved and suspended matter passes untreated to next treatment
stage
Anaerobic baffled reactor
◦ The biogas emitted in the previous stage is collected and stored tightly
◦ Here, treatment is carried out in absence of oxygen
◦ Wastewater passes though series of chambers in up flow form
◦ Activated sludge is used here at the bottom of each chamber
◦ Activated sludge brings stabilization in wastewater having organic matter
constituents
◦ Further suspended and dissolved solids are treated by available bacteria
Anaerobic filter
◦ Treatment occurs in absence of oxygen
◦ Wastewater passes in a series of chambers through the filter
material in up flow form
◦ Filter is made out of gravel, slag or plastic elements
◦ Desludging is needed only if excess sludge is generated
Planted Gravel Filter
◦ Treatment occurs in presence of oxygen
◦ Treatment concentrates more on removal of odour and colour
◦ Planted gravel filter consist of plants(reeds) and filter
materials(graded gravels, river pebbles)
◦ Filter is permanently soaked in water
◦ This is suitable for pre treated wastewater
Uses Of Recycled Water
◦ Toilet flushing
◦ Car washing
◦ Gardening
◦ Fishing
◦ Horticulture
◦ Can be used in chillers where huge amount of water
is used
 Measures to be taken
◦ 1. Take Shorter Showers
Reduce your shower time and try to avoid baths when you can. Most baths
use 35-50 gallons of water, but showers can use only about 25, especially if
you have a low-flow shower head.
2. Stop Pre-Rinsing Dishes
Unless something is seriously burnt on, try really hard not to prerinse. It is an
enormous waste of water, and most dishwashers are powerful enough that
there’s no need to. Also, try to use the dishwasher when you can. It actually
uses less water per dish than hand-washing does, which means it’s good for
the environment, and you.
◦ 3. Check for Leaks in the Pipes
Don’t forget to check the outdoor faucets and pipes too. Hopefully you’ll
notice if you’ve sprung a leak somewhere inside, but it can be easy to
miss an outside one. Keep an eye on them, and do a check at least every
six months.
4. Only Run Full Loads of Laundry or Dishes
I know, there are only so many items you have that get washed on the
delicate cycle. However, you can still fill it up – just add in some stuff
that can take a rougher washing, but isn’t too dirty. Making sure you
have a full load each time means chores go faster, detergent gets used
more effectively and you’ll never run out of clean underwear again.
◦ 5. Check your Toilet for Leaks
Add some food coloring to the tank before you go to bed. When you
use it in the morning, see if any of the colored water has leaked into
the bowl. If so, it’s a hidden leak that should be fixed.
◦ 6. Stop Wasting Water in the Sink
Just think about how long you leave the water running while you
brush your teeth. Why? It’s not doing anything. Turn it off! You may
be surprised at how much water a single leaky faucet loses.
◦ 7. Watch How You Water
It’s not necessary to have your irrigation system set to go off twice a day,
every day. The grass doesn’t need it that much. If you really feel you
must water your lawn, just water the dry spots instead of the whole thing.
You can check your hose for leaks while you’re at it.
◦ 8. Reuse Water
It’s not always a feasible goal to stop wasting water entirely. However,
you can cut down drastically by saving and reusing the water you can.
Instead of letting it all run down the drain, capture some of it. You can
save water from washing your hands or rinsing vegetables and fruits to
use on your lawn or to water potted plants.
9. Install sink-to-toilet system
A sink-to-toilet system is one that has an adjustable sink toilet top attached
to the toilet’s refill cycle. The system works by filtering sink drainage
after which it stores it in a reservoir, which is used to flush the toilet.
Particularly, it redirects water from the pipe to a valve which then drains
the water into the toilet bowl.
‘If you change the environment,
you change the people’

◦Thank You