Unit V - MPMC

UNIT 5
SYSTEM DESIGN AND APPLICATION

CONTENTS
• LCD interfacing
• Keyboard interface
• SPI protocol
• Ds1306 RTC interfacing and programming
• Relay and opto isolator
• Stepper motor interfacing
• DC motor interfacing
• PWM motor control with CCP
11/16/2023 19EECN2601-Microprocesor and Microcontrolle 2

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LCD

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LCD operation

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LCD pin Description

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LCD pin Description

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LCD command instruction

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LCD address

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KEYBOARD INTERFACTNG
(a) key press detection,

(b) key identification.
There are two ways by which the PIC 18 can
perform key press detection:
(1) the interrupt method.
(2) the scanning method.

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interrupt method of key press detection
• The rows are connected to PORTB Low (RB3-RB0)

and
• the columns are connected to PORTB High (RB7-
RB4), which is the PORTB-Change interrupt.
• any changes on the RB7-RB4 pins will cause an
interrupt indicating a key press.

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STEP1
• To make sure that the preceeding key has been
released, 0s are output to all rows at once, and
the columns are read and checked repeatedly
until all the columns are HIGH.
• When all columns are found to be HIGH, the
program waits for a short amount of time before
it goes to the next stage of waiting for a key to be
pressed.

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STEP2
• To see if any key is pressed, the columns are
connected to the PORTB-Change interrupt.
• Therefore, any key press will cause an interrupt
and the microcontroller will execute the ISR.
• The ISR must do two things:
– (a) ensure that the first key press detection was not
erroneous due to spike noise,
– (b) wait 20 ms to prevent the same key press from
being interpreted as multiple key presses

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STEP3
• To detect which row the key press belongs to, the
microcontroller grounds one row at a time, reading the
columns each time.
• If it finds that all columns are HIGH, this means that the
key press cannot belong to that row; therefore, it
grounds the next row and continues until it finds the
row the key press belongs to.
• Upon finding the row that the key press belongs to, it
sets up the starting address for the look-up table
holding the scan codes (or the ASCII value) for that row
and goes to the next stage to identify the key.
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STEP4
• To identify/ the key press, the microcontroller
rotates the column bits, one bit at a time, into
the carry flag and checks to see if it is LOW.
• Upon finding the zero, it pulls out the ASCII code
for that key from the look-up table; otherwise, it
increments the pointer to point to the next
element of the look-up table.

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Scanning method for key press detection
• Another method for key press detection is by scanning.
• In this method, to detect a pressed key, the microcontroller grounds
all rows by providing 0 to the output latch, then it reads the
columns.
• If the data read from the columns are equal to 1111, no key has
been pressed and the process continues until a key press is
detected.
• If one of the column bits has a zero, however, this means that a key
press has occurred.
• After a key press is detected, the microcontroller will go through
the process of identifying the key.
• Starting with the top row, the microcontroller grounds it by
providing a LOW to the first row only; then it reads the columns.
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Scanning method for key press detection
• If the data read is all 1s, no key in that row is activated

and the process is moved to the next row.
• It grounds the next row, reads the columns, and checks
for any zero.
• This process continues until the row is identified.
• After identification of the row in which the key has
been pressed, the next task is to find out which
column the pressed key belongs to.
• This should be easy since the microcontroller knows at
any time which row and column are being accessed.
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SPI protocol

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SPI read and write protocol

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Step to write data to an SPI device

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Step to read data to an SPI device

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Ds1306 RTC interfacing and programming

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Register of Ds 1306

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Address map of ds1306

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Time and date address location and
modes

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SSPCON1-SSP CONTROL REGISTER 1

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SSPSTAT-SSP STATUS REGISTER

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RELAYS

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Optoisolator

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Optoisolator
LED – Transmitter Photosensor receiver

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Interfacing a Optoisolator

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Optoisolator

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STEPPER MOTOR

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Unipolar

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Controlling stepper motor via
optoisolator

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Dc Motor Interfacing AND PWM

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DC Motor Interfacing and PWM

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Bidirectional control

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DC motor control with CCP

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DC Motor control with CCP

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Unit V - MPMC

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UNIT 5

SYSTEM DESIGN AND APPLICATION

11/16/2023 19EECN2601-Microprocesor and Microcontrolle 2

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(a) key press detection,

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• The rows are connected to PORTB Low (RB3-RB0)

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• If the data read is all 1s, no key in that row is activated

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