1

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2
Main Memory
 There are two main parts

 Random Access Memory (RAM)

 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
 CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor)
 POST (Power On Self Test)

Cont…
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RA
 Large inM
size
 Temporary Memory
 Depending on Power
 Reading, Writing Possible
 User can feed Instructions
3
RO
 M in size
Comparatively small
 Permanent Memory
 Not depending on power
 Only reading possible
 Instructions written at the time of
manufacture
Cont…
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Secondary Memory 4

 Permanent storage devices

Examples
 Hard Disk
 Solid State Drive (SSD)
 Magnetic Tape

Cont…
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STORAGE CAPACITY 5

Cont…
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SOFTWARE 6

Set of instructions, which can perform a specific task, is describe as a

Software.
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7
SOFTWAR
E

System software Application software

Operating Systems
Generic Software
Device Drivers
Firmware Custom Software
Programming
Language
Utilities
Cont…
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8
Operating System (OS)
 MS-Windows
 Ubuntu
 Mac OS
 Fedora
 Solaris
 Free BSD
 Chrome OS
 CentOS
 Debian
 Deepin
Cont…
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Versions of MS Windows 9
 MS DOS
 WINDOWS 95
 WINDOWS 98
 WINDOWS ME
 WINDOWS NT
 WINDOWS 2000
 WINDOWS XP
 WINDOWS VISTA
 WINDOWS 7
 WINDOWS 8
 WINDOWS 10

Cont…
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10
Device Drivers
A device driver is a small piece of software that tells the operating
system and other software how to communicate with a piece of hardware.
Eg: Display Driver
Audio Driver
Printer Driver
Wi-Fi Driver
Chipset Driver
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11
Utilities
Utility is a system software that is designed to help analyse,
configure, optimize or maintain a computer and enhance the computer’s
performance.
Eg: Disk defragmenters, Antivirus software, Backup software, Disk
repair, Disk Cleaners, Registry Cleaners, Disk Space analyser, file manager,
File Compression, Data Security and many more. In addition, operating
systems contains a number of utilities for managing disk drives, printers, and
other devices.
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Antivirus software

 Bitdefender
 Norton
 Kaspersky
 avast
 McAfee
 Avira
 TREND MICRO
 F-Secure
 eset
 Windows Defender
…Contd COMPUTER ENVIRONMENT
Programming Languages 13
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FIRMWARE 14

Firmware is software in read only Memory

(ROM). These instructions are written at the time of
manufacturing.
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LIVE WARE 15

• All users
• Ex:
• Programmers
• Network Administrators
• Users

Cont…
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Live Ware Hardware

Cont… 16
CONCLUTION 17
 History of the computer
 What is a computer?
 Computer generations
 Computer environment
 Hardware
 Software
 Live ware
 18

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