Climate

 Climatic Zones.
 Factors affecting temperature of Pakistan.
 Rainfall.
 Effectiveness of rainfall.
 Effect of Climate on Life and Economic
Activities of people in Different Regions.
 River Floods.
 Highland and Lowland Climate
 Regions : north and north western, western
areas
 Climate : Extreme cold, mild summers and
extreme hot: summers and mild winters.
 Life style : Transhumance and nomadic.
 Regions: Indus plain south of Balochistan.
 Climate : Extreme to mild to extreme (Lower)
 Lifestyle: Rural and Urban.
 Coastal and Arid Climate
 Areas: deltas, Makran coast, Karachi,
Kemari.
 Climate : Mild ; maritime influence.
 Areas: Deserts, Western Baluchistan
(Kharan) and Sindh (Tharparkar and Nara),
Punjab (Thal, Cholistan)
 Climate : Extreme Hot
 Lifestyle: Nomadic
 Factors affecting temperature of
Pakistan
 Latitudinal Effect: areas closer to equator
have higher temperature as compared to
areas away from equator.
 Continental Effect. Areas closer to sea/ocean
have mild temperature whereas land locked
areas have extreme temperature . (Maritime
influence: sea breeze regulate temperature)
 Altitude and temperature
 Cloud cover and temperature
 Latitude and the angle of the Sun.
 Types of Rainfall
 Monsoon winds
 The Western Depression
 Convectional Currents
 Relief rainfall
 Tropical Cyclones
Monsoon Winds
Monsoon winds
Monsoon Winds
Western Depression
Western Depression
Relief Rainfall
Tropical Cyclones
 Air Pressure
 In summers there is low pressure
zone on land and high pressure zone
on sea.
 In winters there is high pressure
zone on land and low pressure zone
on sea.
 Effectiveness of Rainfall
 Main sources of rainfall: Monsoon
and Western Depression.
 Monsoon: Summers, varies in
amount, timings and distribution; of
limited value for agriculture.
 Monsoon showers are heavy but
short lived, mostly it drains away
causing floods and land fails to
absorb it .
 Reservoirs can store rain water if silt
issue is resolved.
 Fluctuation in monsoon winds can harm
crop planning.
 Potwar plateau’s topography does not
favour canal irrigation so a limited area
of it is used for agriculture.
 It’s a barani land.

 Winter rainfall is effective as it comes

in light showers but amount is
insufficient.