Mental health &

Well-being
IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
FACT OR FICTION

 One person in every 100 persons develops schizophrenia.

 A person who has one or both parents with mental illness is more likely to develop mental
illness.
 Mental illness is contagious.
 Mental illness tends to begin during adolescence.
 Poor parenting causes schizophrenia.
 Illegal drug use causes mental illness.
 Mental illness can be cured with willpower.
 People with mental illness never get better.
CONCEPTS ON MENTAL HEALTH &
WELL-BEING


– Mental health includes our emotional,
US National Institutes of Health

psychological, and social well-being.


1999 US Surgeon General’s Report – Mental Health defined as
“successful performance of mental function, resulting in
productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other
people, and the ability to change and to cope with adversity ”
(Knopf, Park, and Muyle 2008)
World Health Organization (WHO) report
defined MENTAL HEALTH

subjective Well- being.

perceived self-efficacy
autonomy
competence
intergenerational dependence; and
self-actualization of one’s intellectual and emotional
potential, among others
Subjective Well-being

 One’s personal thoughts and feelings about one’s overall state of being.

 Mental health denotes positive and healthy interpretations of a person’s self-concept, and how a person feels
about himself.

 A person with a healthy self-concept or self-identity exudes charm and

confidence, is usually sociable, productive, and can maintain healthy
relationships. A positive warm regard for oneself serves as a foundation of
mental health.

 A negative self-concept will have a negative effect on one’s mental health and well-being. These types of
thinking, feelings, and behavior can trigger mental disorders if not properly addressed immediately.
 Perceived Self- Efficacy

 Self-efficacy is one’s perception of one’s value and worth, effectiveness, and ability in performing a task or activity.

 Mental health and well-being is also anchored on one’s self worth and value or self-esteem.

 A person with a low self-esteem may exhibit types of behavior that are self-destructive or self-sabotaging.

 This thought then produces emotions such as anger or hopelessness, pushing the addiction, sexual promiscuity, social
isolation, extreme emotional swings, unhealthy dependency on others, and mental disorders.

 A person with a healthy self-concept will move toward self-fulfillment, and self-actualization,
have healthy relationships, and live happier and fulfilling lives.
Autonomy

 Autonomy deals with one’s capacity to separate one’s identity from other significant persons like
parents, lovers, and special friends.

 It is the capacity for self-direction and having a clearly defined role identity.

 Lack of autonomy, on the other hand, can lead to co-dependence among those who cannot define
themselves as separate entities from people they depend on either emotionally, physically, socially,
spiritually, or even financially.
 This can lead to relational conflicts as some people stay away from overly dependent or “clingy”, needy
individuals.
 Competence

 Competence is related to self-esteem and self-identity.

 It is the perception of one’s capacity to effectively perform a function or activity using specifics skills and
knowledge, and achieving the desired results at a given time.

 Responsibility is a major underlying factor for competence.

 An individual who is competent will always assume full responsibility for the actions and results of his
behavior. It also produces trust among other people. The ability to accept changes and being resilient is
also part of being competent.
 Intergenerational Independence

 Intergenerational independence refers to the relationships between individuals who belong to different generations
but may be living separately as independent, autonomous persons during a specific period of time.

 Empty nest phenomena – “When the children have all grown up, are pursuing their own dreams,
and are forming their own “nests” their parents, who may already be retired then, are usually
left at home.”

 Taking care of our parents and grandparents vs. sending old parents to retirement homes

 Todays technology has helped intergenerational independence thrive as it closes the gap of time and space so that
even physically separated family members can still be in touch easily.
 Self-Actualization of One’s Intellectual and
Emotional Potential
 Maslow’s pyramid of human hierarchy of needs places self-actualization at the peak.

 The fulfillment of these needs does not have to be in sequence or progression.

 Self-actualization is about fulfilling one’s perceived potentials, becoming the person that one has always aspired
for. Self-actualized individuals: they have acceptance of their reality, and have compassion to help solve problems
of other people and the society in general. They are spontaneous with their thoughts and behavior, and are open to
change. They have a strong need for privacy and solitude as they continue to strive in fulfilling their potentials.
They are highly appreciative of events and people and maintain their awe and wonder if the things around them.

 Individuals who are self-actualizing nurture good mental health and well-being.
 1991 by Witmer and Sweeney Model

 FIVE LIFE TASKS:

 1. essence or spirituality
 2. work and leisure
 3. friendship
 4. love
 5. self-direction
 Maintaining good mental health and well-being requires resiliency and adaptability, two important skills
that need to be developed in every person particularly the adolescent.

 Resiliency – is the capacity to establish and maintain one’s balance and

well-being in the face of adversity.

 Adaptability – is the capacity to adjust to changes necessary for one’s

survival and balance.
 HEALTHY SELF-CONCEPT AT THE CORE
OF MENTAL HEALTH & WELL-BEING
 Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at oneself as someone who is worth loving and worth
caring for, regardless of physical flaws, and defects, regardless of what other people perceive him to be and
in spite of the thoughts, feelings, and behavior one experiences.
 It is about understanding, and accepting one’s personality, uniqueness, and individuality.
 Having a positive warm regard for oneself is also about seeing one’s strengths, challenges and successes, as
well as the stumbling blocks that come along the way in one’s search for meaning and happiness.
 Having a wonderful self-concept is about having a spirituality that provides philosophical and existential
meaning to one’s life and about one’s relationship with his perceived Supreme Being.
 Embracing meaningful universal human values that define who you are, and how these values form your set
of healthy attitudes about other people, situations, and things.
 Good Physical Health is Good for Mental
Health

 Poor mental health plays a significant role in diminished immune

functioning, and the development of certain illnesses, and
eventually premature death.

 Sleep and nutrition.

Healthy Self-Concept + Healthy Mind and Body
= Good Mental Health and Well Being
 When all of these elements are in balance, then general well-being is experienced.

 Well-being is a state of wellness where every aspect of a person is in

balance.

 Developing one’s good mental health and well-being is very

important to the adolescent because this serves as a strong
foundation toward a happy and healthy adulthood.
 CHALLENGES TO MENTAL HEALTH &
WELL-BEING
 Mental health problem – is a short term and temporary change in a person’s
thoughts, feelings, or behavior that upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal
relationships, and productivity.

 Mental illness – refers to diagnosable mental disorders characterized by

changes in one’s thinking, feeling and behavior as well as in one’s
relationships and productivity. There is usually distress or impaired
functioning during mental illness (Knopf, Park and Muyle 2008)
 WHO possible mental health challenges faced
by adolescents worldwide:

1. conduct or behavior disorders
 2. anxiety
 3. depression
 4. eating disorders
 5. risks behaviors including that relates to sexual behavior
 6. substance abuse
 7. violent behavior
 SUPPORT FOR MENTAL HEALTH
AND WELL-BEING
 Itis very important for an adolescent who may be facing serious
difficulties at home or in school to have a reliable adult to talk to.
 The home is an ideal place for solace and comfort. Parents and siblings
can offer guidance as well as love, and care to adolescent who may
need it.
 Schools also provide such services through the Guidance Counselor.
Peer group can also provide the support needed by an adolescent in
distress.
 FIVE POPULAR STEPS TO
IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH &
WELL-BEING
1. CONNECT
2. BE ACTIVE
3. KEEP LEARNING
4. GIVE TO OTHERS
5. TAKE NOTICE
 Quiz

1. In 1999 the US Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health defined _______________ as a successful
performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people,
and the ability to change and to cope with adversity.

2. The _____________________ stated that mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social
well-being.

3. This organization identifies many concepts of mental health.

4. _______________ is one’s perception of one’s value and worth, effectiveness, and ability in performing a
task or activity.
5. This may be defined as one’s personal thoughts, and feelings, about one’s overall state of being. What is this?

6. _________________ is the capacity to separate one’s identity from other significant persons like parents, lovers,
or special friends.

7. Competence is related to ____________________ and self-identity.

8. The phenomenon when children are all grown up and pursuing their dreams, they leave the house and parents are
already retired by them, and are usually left at home. What phenomenon is this?
9. What is the peak in Abrahams’ Hierarchy of needs?

10 – 12. Give five key characteristics given by Maslow in describing people who have achieved this peak need?

13 – 15. Give three definitions of WHO about mental health.

16. Whose model which uses the five life tasks?

17 – 21. Name these five life tasks mentioned by this author/s

22. - 23 Good _____________________ is Good for ____________________.

24. A __________________ is a short tem and temporary change in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior that
upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal relationships, and productivity.

25. ___________________ on the other hand is diagnosable mental disorders characterized by changes in one’s
thinking, feeling, and behavior, as well as in one’s relationships and productivity which usually has distress or
impaired functioning.

26. Schools support mental health and well-being which also provide such services through the
_____________________.

27 – 30. Give 4 (not in order) popular steps to improve mental health and well-being.
 Thank you !
That In All Things God May be Glorified!