Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cognitive development
Personal-social-adaptive development
Motor development
Emotional development
Gross motor
Spiritual development
Developmental Milestone
Developmental Task
PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
P-Proximal to distal body parts (related to cephalocaudal)
R-Rates of growth and development stages differ among
children
I- In an orderly sequence
N-Neonatal reflexes must be lost before development can
proceed
C-continous process from conception until death
I-initiation of learning experiences
P-Proceeds from gross to refined skills
L-Learned skills and behavior by practice
E- establish cephalocaudal
S- system do not develop at the same time
FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1.Genetics
= certain gee characteristic willinfluence growth and development
2.Gender
=girls are born lighter and shorter than boys
= boys tend tokeep ht and wt untilprepuberty- girls surge ahead because they begin
puberty growth sourt 6 months to 1 year earlier tan boys
= by the end of puberty, boys again tend to be taller and heavier than girls.
3. Health
= a chid who inherits a genetilly trabsmitted disease may not grow as rapdily or develop
as fully as a health child depending on the type of illness and the therapy or care
available.
4. Intelligence
=children with high intelligence donot generally grow faster physically than other children
but they advance in faster in skills
=children with high intelligence fall behind in physical skills because they spend their time
with books or mentalgames rather than with games that develop motorskills
5. Temperaments – is reaction pattern of an individual or an individual’s chrcteristic manner
ofthinking or reacting to stimuli in the environment.
Reaction Patterns
time.
d. Intensity of reaction- they cry loudly, temper tantrums
e. Distractability-children who are easily distracted or who can easily shift their
attention toa ne situation are easy to care for.
f. Attention span (ability to remain interested) and persistence
Toddler – 1 to 3 yrs
Preschooler – 3 to 5 yrs
School-age – 6 to 12 yrs
Adolescent – 13 to 20yrs
THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Freud – psychosexual
2. Erickson – psychosocial
3. Piaget- Cognitive
4. Kohlberg - Moral
5. Sullivan – Interpersonal
6. Fowlers- Spiritual