Agenda

1. Warm Up
2. Discussion: Revolutions in Latin America
3. Last Time for Study Guide Time

HW: Study for Test NEXT CLASS:

Wednesday 3/14
Warm Up
AP MC Questions
Latin American
Revolution
Colonial Society in Latin
America
• Peninsulares
• Men born in Spain, able to hold
high offices.
• Creoles
• Spaniards born in Latin America
• Led most revolutions
• Mestizos
• Mixed descent, European and
Indian
• Mulattos
• Mixed descent, European and
African
• Indians & Africans
• Oppressed minority.
 Haiti
• 500,000 Enslaved Africans
• 1791, Toussaint L’Ouveture
emerges as leader in the Haitian
Revolution.
• French attempt to intervene, and
L’Ouveture agrees to stop the
revolt if slavery is outlawed.
• 1803- Arrested and dies 10 months
later.
• Haiti wins independence in 1804.
 End of Spanish Rule in South
America
• Two major generals
begin revolt.
• Simon Bolivar
• Venezuela declares
independence from Spain
in 1811.
• 1819, surprised the
Spanish Army and won,
independence gained in
1821.
 Jose de San Martin
• Argentina declares independence
from Spain in 1816.
• Frees Chile by 1817 after marching
through the Andes.
• Martin and Bolivar combine his
forces in Peru.
• Bolivar stays with troops, and in
1824 they declare independence
in Peru.
• San Martin leaves for France
Bolivar
San Martin
 Mexico
• Indians and Mestizos play a role in
the independence movement.
• Miguel Hidalgo (Priest) makes the
first cry for independence in 1810.
• 60,000 march on Mexico City
1810-1811
• Creoles and Spanish army move
against lower class Revolution
• Defeat Miguel Hidalgo’s army in
1811
• Firing Squad
• 1821 Mexico gains
independence from Spain.
Brazil
• Peaceful exchange of
power.
• Petition for Freedom
• Portuguese King escapes
Napoleon’s army by
going to Brazil.
• Dom Pedro takes power,
and the Portuguese king
agreed to
independence.
Impact of Revolution
• Independence brought an
increase in poverty.
• Lose of social stability
• Lack of government
solidarity
• Lack of regulated economy
• A united Latin America
collapses and struggles
with poverty and upheaval.
 Objective Questions for today
1. Who is the major leader of the independence movement in
Venezuela?
2. Who would identify as a Peninsulares?
3. Who identifies as a Mestizo?
4. Who identifies as a Creole?
5. Where did Miguel Hidalgo lead his Revolution?
6. How does Napoleon inadvertently aid in several Revolutionary
movements in Latin America?
7. Why does Revolution lead to instability in the region?
8. Which independent movement differed from others in the
region? Why?