ELEM

ENTS
OF
PLOT
• It refers to the order of events or
story that occurred in a play. What
the characters do, how they interact,
the course of their lives as narrated
by the story, and what happens to
them in the end, constitutes the plot.
ELEMENTS OF PLOT
EXPOSITION
• This is your book’s
introduction, where you
introduce your characters,
establish the setting, and begin to
introduce the primary conflict of
your story.
RISING ACTION
•The rising action normally begins with
an inciting incident, or a moment that
sets your story into action. As it
progresses, you’ll have multiple
moments of conflict that escalate and
create tension as the story moves toward
the climax.
•Introduction of the problem in the story
CLIMAX
• The highest point or peak of the story
• It’s the moment that your reader has been
waiting for—so make it exciting!
• Often, this is the point in the story that
everything changes, or where your main
character is forced to make a life-altering
decision.
• The most exciting part of the story
FALLING ACTION
• Now that you’ve reached the peak of your
story.
• It’s time to start moving toward a more
satisfying conclusion.
• This is the time to start resolving conflicts
and subplots so your story doesn’t feel
rushed in the last few chapters. This is also
where any conflicts that arose as a result of
DENOUEMENT
•This is the resolution of the story, the
solution to the problem, the conclusion to
the conflict and the end of your story
where you can tie up the final loose ends
and bring your story to its happy or tragic
ending. Or, if you’re writing a series,
now would be the time to write a
cliffhanger and leave them eager for the
STRUCTURE OF PLOT
• OPEN PLOT- The flow of the story is normal
they start at the beginning and to the end
• IN MEDIA RES- The flow of the story start in
the middle of the story then to proceed the
story introduction of flashback and back-story
• CLOSE PLOT- The flow of the story start at
the end of the story then just like in media res
they have flashback to continue the flow of
story
TYPES OF CONFLICT
• MAN VS MAN
• MAN VS SELF
• MAN VS ENVIRONMENT
• MAN VS MACHINE
• MAN VS SUPERNATURAL
CHARACTER AND
CHARACTERIZATION
• Character-They are the individual who play or act
in the story
• Characterization- It is how the story reveal the
personality or characteristic of the character
• Ways to present characterization
• DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION- The narrator
in the story tells the personality of the character
• INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION-The author
reveals the personality of the character by its
TYPES
OF
CHARA
CTER
• DYNAMIC CHARACTER-A dynamic
character is someone who changes
throughout the story. This may be a good
change or a bad one, but their motivations,
desires, or even their personality change
due to something in the story.
• This is a permanent change and shows how
the character has learned and developed
over time in the story.
• FLAT CHARACTER- A flat character is the
opposite of a dynamic character. A flat character
doesn’t change much (or at all) throughout the
story. Their personality and/or background isn’t
revealed well and we only know a handful of traits
about them.
• Normally you want to know all you can about a
character. Depending on their role in the story, a
flat character is sometimes needed or works well
with the flow of the plot. A flat character can be
someone minor who says something in passing
•FOIL CHARACTER- A foil character is
someone who is the opposite of another
character. They reflect the opposite traits,
hence “foil.” Your main character can be
sweet and caring and the foil character
will bring out that side by being nasty. It
contrasts two characters.
• STOCK CHARACTER- A stock character
is just stock photos you can get off the
internet. They are not a big deal to the
story, they don’t change at all,
• While these particular characters seem like
you shouldn’t add them because they’re
unimportant, you totally should. We all
know a stock character or two in our lives.
A fictional story should be no different.
•PROTAGONIST- The main characters
are the root of the story. They will
develop over time and will ultimately be
part of the driving force of the plot. This
is the character your readers will care
most about. Unless, of course, you intend
for your protagonist to be unlikable. That
would certainly be a fun twist.
•ANTAGONIST- An antagonist is the
opposite of your protagonist. They
will oppose your main character.
They will, along with the main
character, be the driving force
behind the plot from an opposite
perspective.
• VILLAIN- A villain is similar to the
antagonist, but they are evil incarnate. Most
people believe antagonists and villains are
interchangeable. They are the “bad guy” of the
story.
• However, they’re actually quite different.
Villains only have evil actions but antagonist
have motives that drive the plot
• Villain ca also be the antagonist of the story but
the antagonist cannot be the villain of the story
SETTING
•It is where the story takes place,
setting typical functions in two
distinct senses
•Physical- The concrete location of
the story
•Chronological- The time and
weather of the story
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF POINT OF
VIEW
• First person point of view. First person is
when “I” am telling the story. The character
is in the story, relating his or her experiences
directly.
• Second person point of view. The story is
told to “you.” This POV is not common in
fiction, but it’s still good to know
(it is common in nonfiction).
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF POINT OF
VIEWperson point of view, limited. The
• Third
story is about “he” or “she.” This is the most
common point of view in commercial fiction.
The narrator is outside of the story and relating
the experiences of a character but have limited
knowledge to the characters.
• Third person point of view, omniscient. The
story is still about “he” or “she,” but the
narrator has full access to the thoughts and