Name : Aryan Peshattiwar

Class : SY-B
Roll No. : 34

Title : Nuclear Reactor.

Presentation Content.

 Importance of Electrical Energy.

 How To Generate Electrical Energy.
 Fossil Fuel Problems.
 Nuclear Energy.
 Nuclear Fission Reaction.
 Nuclear Reactor.
 History of Nuclear Power Plant.
 Types of Nuclear Reactor.
 Nuclear Technology.
 Application.
Energy is a Necessary Component of Any Society.
 Since the dawn of man, energy has
played a vital role in survival.
 All of the Earth’s various natural ecosystems are arranged in layers of efficient energy
consumption.
 Countries rely on energy for production of goods and population growth, and always
will.
 Management of available energy is dependent upon man’s foresight or negligence …
 Farms use a tremendous amount of energy in various forms to raise crops … electricity
help to regulate temperature and humidity in crop , fuel for tractors, natural gas for
fertilizer, and so on.
 Everyone who eats, wears clothes, lives in a home, and reads the newspaper is
dependent upon agriculture.
How we can generate electrical energy.

 Wind power plant .

 Hydro electric power plant .
 Solar power plant .
 Coal thermal power plant .
 Nuclear power plant .
 GEO thermal power plant .
 Tidal power plant .
 Biomass power plant .
Fossil Fuel Pose Problem.
 Coal, Oil and Natural Gas products are extremely widespread,
and in higher demand each passing day.
 Supplies will eventually be depleted.
 Use of these products are filling landfills, polluting land, rivers,
lakes, oceans, and air.
 Burning these fuels produce excessive amounts of greenhouse
gases (CO2).
 Failing to reduce these emissions may likely cause our global
climate to change … and if it changes, agriculture will definitely
change.
 The average temp has risen 1.6 deg F since 1880, and at a steep
rate since 1960. To see NASA’s data on global temps.
Another energy source for under ground
but not form fossils.
 As you recall, Fossil fuels are NON-renewable, and are
found beneath the Earth’s crust.
 Fossil fuels do not burn clean.
 Uranium is also mined from beneath the Earth’s crust, and
by controlling a reaction called “fission”, tremendous heat
can be achieved.
 Nuclear fission of 6 grams of Uranium will produces the
amount of energy equivalent to that generated by a ton of
coil, 120 gallons of oil or 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas .
Nuclear Fission Reaction.

If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of fissions doubles each generation. In
that case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in 80 generations about 6 x 10 23 (a mole)
fissions. Energy Released from Each Fission is 200MeV

The chain reaction is of two types:

1. Uncontrolled chain reaction.
2. Controlled chain reaction
Controlled Chain Reaction.
Uncontrolled chain reaction.
Components of Nuclear Reactor.
 Reactor core
 Heat exchanger
 Steam turbine
 Moderator
 Control rods
 Coolant
 Generator
Nuclear Reactor Working Diagram.
Histroy Of Nuclear Power Plant.

 Electricity was generated for the first time ever by a nuclear

reactor on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental
station near Arco, Idaho in the United States.
 On June 27, 1954, the world's first nuclear power plant to
generate electricity for a power grid started operations at
Obninsk, USSR.
 The world's first commercial scale power station,Calder Hall in
England opened in October 17, 1956.
 On 4 August 1956, Nuclear Research Reactor APSARA was
commissioned by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
APSARA was the first Nuclear Research Reactor in India and
also Asia.
India’s First Nuclear Reactor Apsara.
Location of Nuclear Power Plant in India.
Nuclear Power Plant in India.
Types of Nuclear Reactor.

a) Boiling water reactor(BWR)

b) Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
c) Pressurized heavy power reactor (PHWR)
d) High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR)
e) Liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR)
f) Show turbine/generator plant common to all types
Nuclear Technology
Indian Technology
 
Pressurized Heavy Water
Reactors (PHWR).
 Natural Uranium (U-238) with
Heavy Water as moderator.
 Emphasis on inherent safety
features and passive
systems.
 Mostly smaller capacity
reactors (<1,000 MWe).
 Focus on self-reliance and
indigenous reactor designs.
World Technology
Various types, including Pressurized
Water Reactors (PWR), Boiling
Water Reactors (BWR), and Fast
Breeder Reactors (FBR).
 Enriched Uranium (U-235) or
Plutonium-based fuels with light
water as moderator.
 Extensive reliance on active safety
systems and redundant safeguards.
 Varied capacities, including both
smaller and larger reactors.
 Utilization of designs and
technologies from multiple countries.
Nuclear Technology
Indian Technology
 
Ongoing Research &
Development efforts to
improve indigenous
technology.
 Engages in nuclear
cooperation with select
countries.
 Nuclear Liability Act imposes
specific liability clauses.
 Emphasis on long-term
storage and reprocessing.
 Development of Advanced
Heavy Water Reactors
(AHWR).
World Technology
Collaborative Research &
Development among international
partners to advance nuclear
technology.
 Extensive international cooperation
and collaboration in reactor
technology.
 Various liability frameworks and
international conventions.
 Varied approaches, including
reprocessing, deep geological
repositories, and storage facilities.
 Advancements in Generation IV
reactors like Sodium-cooled Fast
Reactors (SFR) and High-
Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGR).
Applications.
Thank You.