Different Approahes On Illustrative Description

Different Approaches on
Illustrative Description
For Visually Impaired Learners
Tactile Graphics are images to
be read by TOUCH
Concept, Challenges and
Components
 Concepts, Challenges and Components
Basic Concepts
Orientation to the environment
 Far, near, next to, beside, above, below
 Overlapping, crossing, intersecting
 Perpendicular, parallel
The concept and content of the graphic are

represented by a set of tactile symbols selected to
be easily read and understood.
Describing Images is not a straight reproduction of

the print graphic, or a tactile “photocopy” of the
original. (3 – D, x)
Describe only what you see

 physical appearances
 actions rather than emotions or
possible intentions
Don’t interpret or analyzed the image/s. Allow

readers to form their own opinions. DO NOT answer
the question.
Graphics reading skills must be developed for a

reader to be literate.
Describers are faced with different kinds of

challenges and questions because creating a
description differs greatly depending on the
type of image.
Visual vs. Tactual Perception

 Visual: Instant Overview
 All parts of an object are observed.
 The relationship to other object is noticed.
Visual vs. Tactual Perception
 Tactual: Sequential Observation

 One part of an object can be felt at a time.
 Entire image has to be built up out of the components.
Style
Language/Dialect
Formatting
Layout
Tactile graphics are composed of the following

components:
 Areas
 Lines
 Points
 Braille labels
 Arrows
 Measurement
 Areas
Represent regions with specific significance, e.g.
nations, states
 Lines
Thin dashed lines is easier to follow than
solid line
Irregular shapes, e.g. zigzag, dash-dot-dash,
double track are more difficult to follow.
 Points
Easiest to recognize: square, triangle, circle

 Points
Most difficult to identify: cross and star
Minimum size of a point symbol should be ¼ inch (7
mm) or greater
 Points
Symbols are easiest to read on an untextured
background or a fine dotted background.
 Braille labels
Labels should be horizontal, except for
orientation and mobility maps.
 Arrows – most easily read when:

Closed triangle (solid or hollow) as
arrowhead.
Solid line rather than dotted as shaft.
 Measurement
Line used for measurement should be different from
the structure or shape to be measured
 Large Print
Font – Tiresias LPFont (Specifically for low vision)
Font size – 16, 18, 24, 32, 36 Bold
Paper – letter, A4, 11 x 17
 The Tiresias LPFont is a large print typeface specifically

designed for people with low vision. Large print
publications should be designed to specifically help with
reading problems, and should not just be an enlarged version
of the ordinary print.
 Audio
Script
ePub, Daisy, MP3, MP2
 Decision and Planning on Illustrative Images
 Design Principles
Preserve the original purpose.
Keep the user in mind: age, grade, level, experience with tactile, etc.
Design specifically for reading by the fingertips, not eyes.
Omit “eye candy”, avoid clutter.
Make necessary simplification and modification.
Present tactile graphics with written supporting
information, i.e. key, labels, transcriber’s note, etc.
 Planning and Graphic

Use tactile symbols consistently throughout a
transcription.
Limit the number of different tactile symbols used
on one graphic.
 Tactile Symbols
Sizing and Spacing:
 Kinder, Grade I and 2 – double spacing
 Grade III – single spacing
 Keys/legends – when there is not

enough room for labels
 Keys
Tactile keys and braille keys
placed before the graphic
 Size and Layout

Consider the available space within the size of the page.
A template of a page – full braille cell (40 cells by 25 rows) can be
helpful in planning the layout.
Do we have to use the full page?
 Resizing
A print diagram is often enlarged to provide clarity.
Only as much as is needed to convey information; large areas of
empty space may not be desirable.
 Simplification
Omit unnecessary information and decorative details.
Replace complex objects with simple shapes.
 Simplification
Replace 3-D view with a 2-D side or front view or a cross
section when depth is not required.
Do not over-simplify; it may obscure the purpose
 Important things to remember

“Noisy” Tactile Graphics – too much texture, too much features,
too open space create tactual “noise”
Prominent texture – louder voice
Simplicity is the key to understand an illustration.
“ The only thing worse than
being blind is having sight but no
vision.”
Thank you!!!

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Different Approahes On Illustrative Description

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Different Approaches on

The concept and content of the graphic are

Describing Images is not a straight reproduction of

Describe only what you see

Don’t interpret or analyzed the image/s. Allow

Graphics reading skills must be developed for a

Describers are faced with different kinds of

Visual vs. Tactual Perception

Visual vs. Tactual Perception

 Tactual: Sequential Observation

Tactile graphics are composed of the following

Easiest to recognize: square, triangle, circle

 Arrows – most easily read when:

 The Tiresias LPFont is a large print typeface specifically

 Planning and Graphic

 Keys/legends – when there is not

 Size and Layout

 Important things to remember

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