DISCUSSION

1. The experiment involved collecting HRV data from 34 participants, using T2 and Q statistics for drowsiness detection.

2. Sample powers for T2 and Q were 0.09 and 0.71, indicating adequacy for Q but insufficiency for T2 in drowsiness detection.

3. The data included 66.8 hours of awake episodes and 4.3 hours of pre-N1 episodes, justifying the adoption of the MSPC anomaly detection
framework.

4. One driving trial was limited to 1.5 hours with a one-hour break, and 12 out of 34 participants experienced N1 during driving, possibly due to
common sleep issues in the Japanese adult population.

5. α waves, indicative of sleep-related brain activities, were observed alongside an increase in the Q statistic, supporting the validity of the proposed
method.

6. Awake α wave appearance associated with an increase in the Q statistic may indicate microsleep, a phenomenon often unnoticed by individuals.

7. The proposed HRV-based drowsy driving detection algorithm demonstrated sensitivity comparable to camera-based methods, offering accuracy
and practicality.

8. The algorithm's ability to detect precise N1 onsets, microsleep, and awake α waves distinguishes it from conventional facial expression and
questionnaire-based methods.

9. Overall, the HRV-based algorithm is considered promising for drowsy driving detection in terms of accuracy and practical application.
•17.2% of respondents admit to falling asleep at the wheel at least once in their lives.
•7.3% of the respondents feel safe as a passenger of a drowsy driver.
•39.2% identified that drowsy driving as "being unable to keep your eyes open" due to
tiredness.
•The majority of respondents (64.4%) believe that drowsy driving is just as dangerous as texting
while driving.
•Nearly a third of respondents (31.3%) believe that drowsy driving is less dangerous as drinking
while driving.
•Most people cannot overcome tiredness on their own: 29.9% had to pull over if they're sleepy
while driving.
A possible discussion on the results or outcomes of drowsy driving detection is:
•The need for drowsy driving detection: Drowsy driving is a serious and common problem that can cause accidents, injuries and deaths.
According to the CDC, drowsy driving was responsible for an estimated 72,000 crashes, 44,000 injuries, and 800 deaths in 2013 1.
Drowsy driving can impair a driver’s attention, reaction time, decision making, and ability to stay in the lane 1. Therefore, it is important to prevent drowsy driving and
alert drivers when they are at risk of falling asleep behind the wheel.
•The methods of drowsy driving detection: There are various technologies and systems that can detect driver drowsiness and fatigue.
Some of them use cameras, eye tracking sensors, and facial expression analysis to monitor the driver’s visual cues, such as yawning, blinking, eye closure, head moveme
nt, and so on
23
. Others use driving behavior analysis, such as steering, braking, lane deviation, and speed, to detect signs of erratic or impaired driving 23.
Some systems also use other factors, such as time of day, weather, road conditions, and driving duration, to calculate a tiredness index for the driver 2.
•The actions of drowsy driving detection: Once the system detects that the driver is drowsy or fatigued, it can take various actions to warn the driver and prevent
accidents. Some of the actions include making audible or visual alerts, such as beeps, vibrations, or messages, to remind the driver to take a break or stop driving 23.
Some systems can also adjust the vehicle settings, such as seat position, temperature, or lighting, to stimulate the driver and keep them awake 2.
Some advanced systems can even take over the driving control, such as braking, steering, or parking, if the driver fails to respond to the alerts or becomes unconscious 2.
•The benefits of drowsy driving detection: Drowsy driving detection systems can help reduce the number and severity of accidents caused by driver fatigue. They can
also improve the driver’s safety, comfort, and performance.
They can also benefit the society by saving lives, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing road traffic efficiency 2
 A possible discussion on the results or outcomes of drowsy driving detection is:

•The methods of drowsy driving detection:

•There are various technologies and systems that can detect driver drowsiness and fatigue.
•Some of them use cameras, eye tracking sensors, and facial expression analysis to monitor the driver’s visual cues, such as yawning, blinking, eye closur
e, head movement, and so on
23
. Others use driving behavior analysis, such as steering, braking, lane deviation, and speed, to detect signs of erratic or impaired driving 23.
• Some systems also use other factors, such as time of day, weather, road conditions, and driving duration, to calculate a tiredness index for the driver 2.
•The actions of drowsy driving detection: Once the system detects that the driver is drowsy or fatigued, it can take various actions to warn the driver
and prevent accidents.
Some of the actions include making audible or visual alerts, such as beeps, vibrations, or messages, to remind the driver to take a break or stop driving 23.
• Some systems can also adjust the vehicle settings, such as seat position, temperature, or lighting, to stimulate the driver and keep them awake 2.
Some advanced systems can even take over the driving control, such as braking, steering, or parking, if the driver fails to respond to the alerts or becomes
unconscious
2
.
•The benefits of drowsy driving detection: Drowsy driving detection systems can help reduce the number and severity of accidents caused by driver
fatigue. They can also improve the driver’s safety, comfort, and performance.
They can also benefit the society by saving lives, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing road traffic efficiency 23.
•The need for drowsy driving detection: Drowsy driving
is a serious and common problem that can cause accidents,
injuries and deaths.

•According to the CDC, drowsy driving was responsible for

an estimated 72,000 crashes, 44,000 injuries, and 800 deat
hs in 2013
1
.
Drowsy driving can impair a driver’s attention, reaction tim
e, decision making, and ability to stay in the lane
1
.

• Therefore, it is important to prevent drowsy driving and

alert drivers when they are at risk of falling asleep behind
the wheel.
THANK YOU
NAMAH SHIVAYA!