CHAPTER 2 (PART 3)

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL

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 CONTENTS
2.1 Estimate, Estimation, Estimator
2.1.1 Definition
2.1.2 Properties of Good Point Estimator
2.1.3 Confidence Interval

2.2 Confidence Interval For Population Mean

2.3 Confidence Interval For Difference Between Two Population Means

2.3.1 Independent Samples
2.3.2 Dependent Samples

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 CONTENTS

2.4 Confidence Interval For Population Proportion

2.5 Confidence Interval For Difference Between Two Population Proportions

2.6 Confidence Interval For Population Variance And Population Standard Deviation

2.7 Confidence Interval For Ratio Of Two Population Variances

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 OVERVIEWS
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL COVERED IN CHAPTER 2

POPULATION

ONE TWO

MEAN PROPORTION VARIANCE MEAN PROPORTION VARIANCE

(SUB-CHAPTER 2.2) (SUB-CHAPTER 2.4) (SUB-CHAPTER 2.6) (SUB-CHAPTER 2.3) (SUB-CHAPTER 2.5) (SUB-CHAPTER 2.7)

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 2.6

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR

POPULATION VARIANCE AND
POPULATION STANDARD
DEVIATION

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LEARNING OUTCOME

Estimate the confidence interval for a population variance and standard

deviation.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
QUESTION 1

A dairy processing company claims that the variance of the amount of fat in the whole milk processed by the
company is 0.25 (Beware: This sentence is the disturbance). A random sample of 41 milk containers is
selected and gives a variance of 0.27. Construct a 95% confidence interval on the population standard deviation
of the amount of fat in whole milk. Give a comment on the parameter estimate.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
SOLUTION

Based on the question, we know that , , , . Therefore,

Interpretation: We are 95% confident that the population standard deviation of the amount of fat in whole milk
lies within 0.4266 and 0.6648.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
QUESTION 2

Ten independent measurements of the dissolution rate of a certain chemical are taken at a temperature of 10˚C.
The results (in ˚C) are as follows.

2.28 1.66 2.56 2.64 1.92 4.63 4.56 4.42 4.79 4.26

Find the 98% confidence interval for the population variance of dissolution rate. Interpret your answer.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
SOLUTION

Based on the question, we know that , , , . Therefore,

Interpretation: We are 98% confident that the population variance of dissolution rates lies within 0.6608˚ C and
0.6648 ˚C.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
QUESTION 3

Ten independent measurements of the dissolution rate of a certain chemical are taken at a temperature of 10˚C.
The results (in ˚C) are as follows.

2.28 1.66 2.56 2.64 1.92 4.63 4.56 4.42 4.79 4.26

Find the 95% one-sided lower and upper bound for the population variance of the dissolution rate.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
SOLUTION (LOWER BOUND)

Based on the question, we know that , , . Therefore,

Interpretation: We are 95% confident that the minimum population variance of the dissolution rates is greater
than 0.8463˚ C.

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 EXERCISE 2.6 (Page 111)
SOLUTION (UPPER BOUND)

Based on the question, we know that , , Therefore,

Interpretation: We are 95% confident that the maximum population variance of dissolution rates is less than
4.3060 ˚C.

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 2.7

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR

RATIO OF TWO POPULATION
VARIANCES

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LEARNING OUTCOME

Estimate the confidence interval for the ratio of two population variances.

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 EXERCISE 2.7 (Page 115)
QUESTION 1

Two catalysts are analysed to determine how they affect the mean yield of a chemical process. Specifically,
Catalysts A is currently in use, but Catalyst B is acceptable. The standard deviation of seven mean yields
analysed by Catalyst A is 2.21 while eight mean yields analysed by Catalyst B have a standard deviation of 3.13.
Construct a 90% confidence interval for the ratio of two population variances for all the mean yields produced by
Catalyst A and Catalyst B. Give a comment on the parameter estimate.

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 EXERCISE 2.7 (Page 115)
SOLUTION

Based on the question, we know that , , . Therefore,

Information Catalyst A (1) Catalyst B (2)

Interpretation: We are 90% confident that the ratio of two population variances for all the mean yields produced
by Catalyst A and Catalyst B lies within 0.1290 and 2.0972.

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 EXERCISE 2.7 (Page 115)
QUESTION 2

Long-term exposure of textile workers to cotton dust released during processing can result in substantial health
problems. A textile researcher conducts a study to investigate the methods to reduce risks while preserving
important fabric properties. The accompanying data on roving cohesion strengths (kilo newton metre per
kilogram (kN.m/kg)) for specimens produced at eight different twist multiple is drawn for two different levels of
strength and the data are given as follows.

Control 11.83 8.24 7.17 13.25 10.86 10.12 14.63 14.04

Heated 12.15 8.32 3.86 7.50 12.48 11.13 10.18 13.79

Construct a 96% confidence interval for the ratio of two population variances for all the roving cohesion produced
by control and heated strength. Interpret your answer.

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 EXERCISE 2.7 (Page 115)
SOLUTION

Based on the question, we know that , , . Therefore,

Information Control (1) Heated (2)

kN.m/kg

Interpretation: We are 96% confident that the ratio of two population variances for all the roving cohesion
produced by control and heated strength lies within 0.1274 kN.m/kg and 3.7645 kN.m/kg.

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 ADDITIONAL EXERCISE
QUESTION

Let and equal the concentration in parts per billion of chromium in the blood for healthy persons and for persons
with suspected disease, respectively. Assume that the distributions of and are and , respectively. Using
observations of ,

15 23 12 18 9 28 11 10

and observations of

25 20 35 15 40 16 10 22 18 32

Find the one-sided 95% upper bound confidence interval of the ratio of two population variances of the chromium
in blood for healthy persons and for persons with suspected disease.

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 ADDITIONAL EXERCISE
SOLUTION

Based on the question, we know that , . Therefore,

Information (1) (2)

parts per billion

Interpretation: We are 95% confident that the maximum ratio of two population variances of the chromium in
blood for healthy persons and for the persons with suspected disease is less than 1.8334 parts per billion.

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THANK YOU
END OF CHAPTER 2

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