BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK

KLASIFIKASI BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK

ENERGI
KONSENTRAT
PROTEIN
SUCCULENT
HIJAUAN
BMT DRY

VITAMIN

MINERAL

ADDITIVE
Halim - 2009
Halim - 2009
BMT SUMBER ENERGI
1. GRAIN / BUTIRAN
1. JAGUNG
2. SORGHUM
3. WHEAT
4. BARLEY, dll
2. AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCT
1. BEKATUL
2. RICE POLLARD
3. WHEAT POLLARD
4. DEDAK, dll
3. ROOT / TUBER
1. KETELA
2. TARO
3. UBI, dll
4. OIL
1. MINYAK
2. LEMAK,
Halimdll- 2009
 WHEAT GRAIN FRACTION

ENDOSPERM SEED COATING GERM

TABLE FEED BRAN ALEURONE

FLOUR FLOUR

BRAN

MILLRUN
POLLARD

WHEATHalim
GRAIN- 2009
 WHEAT GRAIN:
1. BRAN
1. VITAMIN
2. PROTEIN
2. GERM
1. LEMAK
2. VITAMIN LARUT DLM LEMAK
3. MINERAL
3. ENDOSPERM
1. PATI
2. GLUTEN

PROTEIN ENDOSPERM:
- ALBUMEN 10% HIGH LYS, ARG, HIS
- GLOBULIN 10%
- GLIADIN 40% LOW LYS, TRYP
- GLUTELIN
Halim -40%
2009
FRAKSI BIJI dan KANDUNGAN THIAMIN
PART OF GRAIN PROPORTION THIAMIN
OF GRAIN, %

µg/g %
PERICARP & ALEURON
5.95 31.0 32.5
COVERING TO GERM
0.20 12.0
EPIBLAST
0.27 78.0 3.9
COLEORHIZA
0.20 94.0 3.5
PLUMULE
0.31 46.0 2.7
RADICLE
0.17 62.0 2.0
SCUTELUM
1.25 189.0 43.9
OUTER ENDOSPERM
18.80 1.3 8.8
INNER ENDOSPERM
Halim - 2009 73.10 0.3
 SUGAR
DEXTRINS AVAILABLE CH
STARCHES

PECTINS
TOTAL CH GUMS
HEMICELLULOSES
UNAVAILABLE
CH
or
CELLULOSE DIETARY FIBRE
CF
LIGNIN

DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE
Halim - 2009 FRACTION
1. JAGUNG
- 7-12% CP AS FED, 9-13% AS DM
- 3370 kcal/kg
- CRYPTOZANTHIN
- FAT: HIGHLY UNSATURATED
- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION
2. SORGHUM
- 6-16% CP AS FED, 7 -18% AS DM
- 3300 kcal/kg
- TANNIN
- TOLERATE: BROILER 0.1%, LAYER 1%
- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION FOR LOW TANNIN
SORGHUM

Halim - 2009
3. ROUGH RICE
- 6.8% CP
- 2900 kcal/kg
- HULL 25%: 40% CF, 11-19% SILICA
- SUBSITUTE 50% OF THE GRAIN
- LIMITATION: VERY YOUNG STOCK
4. WHEAT
- 9.8-18.5% CP AS FED; 11-21% CP AS DM
- 2980-3180 kcal/kg
- FOR BEST RESULT SHOULD BE COARSELY GROUND
- NO LIMITATION

Halim - 2009
5. BROWN RICE and RICE POLISHED
- BROWN RICE 8.5% CP; 2860 kcal/kg ME
- RICE POLISHED 7.3% CP; 3100 kcal/kg ME
- NO LIMITATION TO POULTRY
- TOLERATE: BROILER 0.1%, LAYER 1%
- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION FOR LOW TANNIN SORGHUM

6. RICE POLLARD
- HULL, GERM, BRAN, POLISHING
- 8.7%-13.1% CP; 2980 kcal/kg ME
- 14-18% FAT  LINOLEIC ACID  LAYER
- GOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN B12
- HIGH FAT CONTENT  RANCIDITY
- INCLUSION 50%

Halim - 2009
7. MILLRUN
- CONTAIN: BRAN, ALEURON, FEED FLOUR, GERM
- 17.2% CP; 2050 kcal/kg ME
- LIMITATION TO VERY YOUNG STOCK
- AUTOMATIC FEEDER: BRIDGING
- NO NUTRITIONAL LIMITATION, BUT PHYSICAL

8. WHEAT BRAN
- CONTAIN: BRAN AND ALEURON
- 14.6% CP; 1860 kcal/kg ME
- AUTOMATIC FEEDER: BRIDGING, BUT 15% SAFE
- INCLUSION: SOW & FINISHER 30%, POULTRY 20%
- NOTHalim
RECOMMENDED
- 2009 FOR VERY YOUNG STOCK
9. WHEAT POLLARD
- CONTAIN: BRAN, ALEURON, FEED FLOUR
- 15% CP; 2240 kcal/kg ME
- LIMITATION TO VERY YOUNG STOCK
- AUTOMATIC FEEDER: BRIDGING
- NO NUTRITIONAL LIMITATION, BUT PHYSICAL

10. CORN GLUTEN

- BY-PRODUCT OF THE WET MILLING OF MAIZE
- 64.6% CP; 3800 kcal/kg ME
- IMBALANCE AA
- LOW PALABILITY
- INCLUSION: 5-15%

Halim - 2009
11. CASSAVA ROOT MEAL
- 2.5% CP
- 2930-3100 kcal/kg
- LINAMARIN AND LOTAUSTRALIN
- FAT: HIGHLY UNSATURATED
- INCLUSION: NO LIMITATION ON
CORRECTLY PROCESSED

12. MOLASSES
- 21700 kcal/kg
- HIGH POTASSIUM  DIARHE
- 79.5 BRIX 1.39 kg/LITER
- INCLUSION:
Halim - 2009 5%
13. FAT
- TALLOW  SOLID AT 40OC
- LARD  SOLID AT 20-40OC
- OIL  LIQUID BELLOW 20OC
- 8800 kcal/kg
- POLYUNSATURATED CONTENT:
- COCONUT 1%
- TALLOW 3%
- OLIVE OIL 8%
- LARD 10%
- PEANUT OIL 30%
- SESAME SEED OIL 40%
- COTTONSEED 50%
- MAIZE GERM OIL 55%
- SOYBEAN 60%
- SUNFLOWER 65%
- RAPESEED 70%
- COD LIVER OIL 80%
- HERRING OIL 80%
Halim - 2009
JENIS ASAM LEMAK
SATURATED
BUTYRIC ACID C4 : 0
CAPROIC ACID C6 : 0
CAPRYLIC ACID C8 : 0
CAPRIC ACID C10 : 0
LAURIC ACID C12 : 0
MYRISTIC ACID C14 : 0
PALMITIC ACID C16 : 0
STEARIC ACID C18 : 0
ARACHIDIC ACID C20 : 0

MONOSATURATED
PALMITOLEIC ACID C16 : 1
OLEIC ACID C18 : 1
ERUCIC ACID C22 : 1

PUFA
LINOLEIC ACID C18 : 2
Halim - 2009
LINOLENIC ACID C18 : 3
JENIS PLASMA
ASAM LEMAK KOLESTEROL TRIGLISERIDA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
C8:0-C10:0 N I
C12:0 I N
C14:0 II N
C16:0 II N
C18:0 II I
C18:1 N N
Halim - 2009
C18:2 D D
KOMPOSISI PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN

LIPO- PROTEIN TRIGLI- CHOLE- PHOSPO-

SERIDA STEROL LIPID
PROTEIN
CHYLIMICRON 2 85 4 9
VERY LOW 10 50 22 18
DENSITY
LOW DENSITY 25 10 45 20
HIGH DENSITY 55 4 17 24
Halim - 2009
PAKAN UNGGAS

70-80% BMT SUMBER ENERGI

20-30% BMT SUMBER PROTEIN

10% ADDITIVE,
Halim - 2009 VIT MINERAL MIX
1. SUMBER PROTEIN NABATI
1. BUNGKIL-BUNGKILAN (OILSEED
MEAL)
2. BIJI LEGUMINOSA (LEGUME GRAIN)
3. TEPUNG DAUN (GREEN MEAL)
4. LAIN-LAIN (MISCELLANEOUS)
2. SUMBER PROTEIN HEWANI
1. MARINE PRODUCT
2. SLAUGHTER HOUSE BY-PRODUCT
3. MILK PRODUCT
4. ANIMAL WASTE
Halim - 2009
1. SUMBER PROTEIN NABATI 4. LAIN-LAIN
1. BUNGKIL-BUNGKILAN 1. INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCT
1. SOYBEAN MEAL 2. FERMENTATION RESIDUES
2. COTTON SEED MEAL 3. SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
3. GROUNDNUT MEAL
4. RAPE SEED MEAL
5. SUNFLOWER MEAL
6. COCONUT MEAL
7. SESAME MEAL
8. CASTOR SEED MEAL
9. KAPOK SEED MEAL
2. BIJI LEGUMINOSA
1. KACANG HIJAU
2. KEDELE
3. BIJI KECIPIR
3. TEPUNG DAUN
1. DAUN LAMTORO
Halim -DLL
2. DAUN UBI JALAR, 2009
2. SUMBER PROTEIN HEWANI
1. MARINE PRODUCT
1. FISH MEAL
2. SHRIMP MEAL
2. SLAUGHTER HOUSE BY-PRODUCT
1. MEAT AND BONE MEAL
2. BLOOD MEAL
3. HYDROLIZED FEATHER MEAL
4. POULTRY BY-PRODUCT MEAL
3. NOVEL FEED
1. INSECT
2. FLY LARVAE AND PUPAE
3. SILKWORM PUPAE
4. GRASSHOPPERS
5. MORMON CRICKET
6. TERMITE
7. BEES
8. EARTHWORM
Halim - 2009
4. MILK PRODUCT
5. ANIMAL WASTE
1. POULTRY WASTE
2. POULTRY LITTER
3. SWINE WASTE
4. CATTLE WASTE

Halim - 2009
 PRODUCTION
106 M TON/YEAR
FEEDSTUFF WORLD ASIA MAIN PRODUCING
COUNTRIES
SOYABEAN 92.30 15.40 CHINA, INDIA, INDONESIA

COTTON 33.00 16.00 CHINA, INDIA, PAKISTAN

GROUNDNUT 22.80 15.40 INDIA, CHINA

SUNFLOWER 20.90 3.28 CHINA, INDIA, BURMA

COPRA 4.51 3.75 PHIL, INDO, VITNAM

PALM KERNEL 3.08 1.97 MALAY, INDO, CHINA

SESAME 2.25 1.49 CHINA, INDIA, BURMA

RUBBER SEED 1.90

Halim - 2009 1.80 MALAY, INDIA, PAK, INDO
BMT CP ARG MET LYS

JAGUNG 9.0 5.3 1.9 3.0

JAK SEED MEAL 9.5 6.1 2.1 3.0
MILLET 9.5 4.9 4.5 3.1
BREADFRUIT 6.5 5.3 1.4 3.6
DATE 6.5 4.5 1.4 3.1
SORGHUM 11.0 4.1 1.7 2.6
MILLET PROSO
Halim - 11.5
2009 4.1 4.1 2.6
 OIL SEED MEAL

MECHANICAL PRESSING SOLVENT EXCTRACTED

- 5-10% FAT - <2% FAT

- HIGHER ENERGY - LOWER ENERGY
- OVER 140OC
- DESTROY AA
- LOWER AA AVAILABILITY
- PROT-REDUCING SUGAR
- LYS, ARG, THRE, LEU, TRYP

Halim - 2009
A. OILSEED MEAL
1.SOYBEAN MEAL
- 40-48% CP
- 2200-2400 Kkal
- BALANCED AA
- ANTI NUTRITIONAL FACTOR

2.COTTONSEED MEAL
- 100 kg FIBER160 kg SEED
- 52% MEAL, 23% HULL, 17% OIL, 8% LINTERS
- 38% CP
- 2000 Kkal
- LOWER LYS 4.2%
- GOSSYPOL
- 0.16% LAYER, 0,07% BROILER
- MACHANICAL 0.02-0.05%
- SOLVENT 0.04-0.40%
- SAFETY FACTOR 0.3%
Halim - 2009
3.GROUNDNUT MEAL
- 44-47% CP, 13% CF, 7% FAT
- 2300 Kkal
- LOWER LYS
- TANNIN

4.COCONUT MEAL
- 35-40% RENDEMENT
- 20-22% CP, 14% CF, 18% FAT
- LOWER LYS, 3%
- 2000 Kkal
- 20-24% INCLUSION

Halim - 2009
5.KAPOK SEED MEAL
- 30% CP, 18% CF, 6% FAT
- 1300 Kkal
- LOW LYS 4.2%, HIGH TYR 6.7%
- CYCLOPROPENOID ACID  YOLK COLOR
- TANNIN
- GOOD RUMINANT FEED
- INCLUSION 10% FOR POULTRY

6.RUBBER SEED MEAL

- 26% CP, 9% CF, 10% FAT
- 2100 Kkal
- LOWER LYS, 3.6%
- HCN, 20-40mg/kg (FRESH SEED 1200-2000mg/kg)
- <20% INCLUSION
- REDUCE FERTILITY, HATCHABILITY, DELAY SEXUAL
MATURITY
Halim - 2009
7. SESAME MEAL
- 40% CP, 8% CF, 6% FAT
- 2000 Kkal
- LOWER LYS, HIGH MET, CYS, TRYP
- Ca 1,3%
- OXALATE 35mg/100g, PHYTATE 5g/100g
- INCLUSION 15%

8. SUNFLOWER MEAL
- 36-40% CP, 13% CF, 8% FAT
- LOWER LYS, 3.9%
- 2100 Kkal
- CHLOROGENIC ACID

Halim - 2009
9. PALM KERNEL MEAL
- 19-21% CP, 15% CF, 8% FAT
- 1900 Kkal
- LOWER LYS 3.6%, HIGH SAA
- Ca 0,3%
- PHYSICALLY DRY AND GRITTY
- INCLUSION LOW
- REPLACEMENT OF 30% COCONUT/GROUNDNUT

10. CASTOR SEED MEAL

- 35% CP, 20% CF, 6% FAT
- LOWER LYS, 3%
- ME NA
- SUPPLY UP TO 40% CP IN DIET
- ANTINUTRITIONAL
- RICIN
- RICININ
- CASTORBEAN ALLERGEN
Halim - 2009
 B. GRAIN LEGUME
GENERAL:
- HUMAN CONSUMPTION
- IN ASIA 20 KIND OF GRAIN CULTIVATED
- OFF-GRADE: SMALL, DISCOLOURED, SHRUNKEN,
DAMAGED
- MODERATE PROTEIN SOURCE 20-25%
- 2600-3000 Kkal
- HIGH LYS, LOW MET, MARGINAL TRYP
- HAVING HIGH COMPLMENTARY VALUE
- ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTOR:
- PROTEASE INHIBITOR
- CYANOGENS
- HAEMAGGLUTININS
- GOITROGENS
- TANNINS
- SAPONIN
- ALKALOID
- MINERAL BINDING FACTOR
- ANTI VITAMIN
Surisdiarto
- TOXIC AA - BMT
Halim - Sumber
- 2009
- LATHYROGEN protein
C. GREEN MEAL
GENERAL:
- HIGH MODERATE CP CONTENT 21-30%
- HIGH Ca, TRACE MINERAL, VITAMIN
- BETA CAROTEN AND XANTHOPHYL
- HIGH LYS
- POORLY DIGESTED CP
- LOW SAA
- HIGH CF, PRESENCE TANNIN
- LOWER ME
- DUSTINESS
- BULKY
- INCLUSION 5%

Halim - 2009
C. GREEN MEAL
1. CASSAVA LEAF MEAL:
- 21-30% CP, 20% CF, 5% FAT
- 1800 Kkal
- HCN
- INCLUSION < 10%

2. LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL:

- 22% CP, 15% CF, 4% FAT
- 900 Kkal
- MIMOSINE  3-HYDROXY-4(1H)-PYRIDONE
- MIMOSINE ALLEVIATION: FERRIC SULPHATE,
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
- INCLUSION < 5%
- DEPRESSES GROWTH & EGG PRODUCTION

Halim - 2009
C. GREEN MEAL
3. SWEET POTATO VINE MEAL:
- 14-19% CP, 23% CF, 3.5% FAT
- 1500 Kkal
- NO ANTINUTRITIONAL
- GOOD SOURCE OF VITAMIN & MINERAL
- INCLUSION < 10%

4. AQUATIC PLANT MEAL:

- 35-65% CP, 6-10% CF, 2-5% FAT, 25-50% ASH
- 600-1700 Kkal
- HIGH WATER CONTENT
- INCLUSION < 5%

Halim - 2009
GENERAL:
- PLANT PROTEIN:
- NUTRITIONALLY IMBALANCED
- NOT MEET CERTAIN CRITICAL AA, VIT B12
- ANIMAL PROTEIN:
- NUTRITIONALLY BALANCED
- SOURCES OF THE FLAA AND SAA
- FISH MEAL AND MEAT MEAL ARE MOST WIDELY USED
- ALL ASIAN COUNTRIES: IMPORTERS
- THAILAND, INDIA, PAKISTAN
- 4 LARGEST FISH PROD COUNT: JAPAN, CHINA, INDIA,
AND SOUTH KOREA

Halim - 2009
1. FISH MEAL
- CP VARIES
- LOCAL: 40%-50% CP
- SOURCE OF Ca, P, TRACE
- 2880 Kkal
- UNIDENTIFIED GROWTH FACTOR
- LEGAL SALT 3-7% (THOUGH 15% EXIST)
- ADULTERATION
- OVER HEATED: HISTIDINE-PROTEIN INTERACTIONGIZEROCIN
- FISHY TAINT TO MEAT AND EGG

Surisdiarto
Halim - BMT - Sumber
- 2009
protein
2. MEAT MEAL and MEAT BONE MEAL
- EXCLUSIVE: HAIR, HOOF, HORN, HIDE TRIMMING, BLOOD,
STOMACH CONTENT
- MAINLY BONE AND ASSOCATE TISSUE: TENDON, LIGAMENT,
SKELETAL MUSCLE, GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, LUNG,
CONDEMNED LIVER
- 20-60% BONE
- MEAT MEAL: >55%CP, <4.4%P
- MBM: <55% CP, >4.4% P
-MAJOR PROTEIN IN BONE, CONNECTIVE TISSUE,
CARTILAGE, AND TENDON IS COLLAGEN
- COLLAGEN CONTAIN NO TRYPTOPHAN
->50-65% PROTEIN IN MM IS COLLAGEN

Halim - 2009
3. BLOOD MEAL
- 1000 kg LIVEWEIGHT  6 kg BLOOD MEAL
- > 80% CP, RICH IN LYS, DEF IN ILEU, HIGH LEU
- LOW PALABILITY, LOW AVAILABILITY OF LYS
- INCLUSION 5%

4. HYDROLIZED FEATHER MEAL

- ALMOST PURE PROTEIN OVER 95% CP
- KERATIN  COMPLETELY INDIGESTIBLE (DISULPHITE BOND)
- 85% CP, RICH IN CYS, DEF IN LYS
- OVERALL AA AVAILABILITY 65%
- WITH SUPLY OF MET & LYS COULD REPLACE 40% OF DIET’S
CP

Halim - 2009
5. POULTRY BY PRODUCT MEAL
- VISCERA, HEAD AND FEET, EMPTY INTESTINE
- 60% CP, 16% ASH
- CP QUALITY LOWER THAN FM, BUT COMPARABLE TO MM
- RICH IN CHOLINE
- INCLUSION 5%

6. MILK PRODUCT
- GOOD SOURCE OF AA
- REMEMBER POULTRY UNABLE TO UTILIZE LACTOSE
- BACTERIAL ORIGEN LACTASE MAY EXIST IN INTESTINE
- INCLUSION 3-5%
- 16% IN BROILER NO ADVERSE EFFECTS
Surisdiarto
Halim- BMT - Sumber
- 2009
protein
7. ANIMAL WASTES
- 2 kg HEN  60-65 FRESH WASTE
- 650 kg COW  12 TON WASTE
- 80 kg PIG  1200 kg WASTE
- SPECIES AFFECT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
- CP VARIES, ABANDON NPN (50-65%)
- HIGH ASH CONTENT
- LOW ME

8. NOVEL SOURCES
- HIGH CP CONTENT (42-76%)
- CHITINE ( N-ACETYL-GLOCOSAMINE)
- CHECK FOR FIBER CONTENT
- CHECK FOR FAT CONTENT
- INCLUSION VARIES

Halim - 2009