BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED (BSNL)

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS
Presentation by
V.AKASH
AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
3rd year ECE-B
ANTENNAS
 FIRST ANTENNAS

• The first Antennas were built in 1888 by German Physicist

Heinrich Hertz in his pioneering experiments to prove the
existence of EMF waves predicted by the theory of James clerk
Maxwell.
• The name of the Antenna is dipole Antenna.
ANTENNAS
• Are our electronic eyes and ears on the world
• These are our links with space

ANTENNA
• Is a transducer between guided wave and a free space
wave.
ANTENNA APERTURE

• Area around antenna where power is derived from the effects

of an EMF .
• Gain is large for wider aperture antennas.
• Aperture size helps users know how well an Antenna can
capture a signal.
BASIC EQUATION OF RADIATION

• The time changing current radiates and accelerated charge

radiates.
IL= Qv
I= Time changing current
L= Length of current element
Q= Charge
V= acceleration of the charge
TRANSMISSION FORMULA

• Pr/Pt= Aet * Aer/ square of r* square of wavelength

R = Distance between Transmitting Antenna and Receiving

Antenna
DIRECTIVITY
• Directivity = 100
• Means the Antenna radiates a power in the direction of the
main lobe maximum which is about 100 times as would be
radiated by a non directional Antenna
( Isotropic ) antenna for the same input.
• Directivity= 4 * 22/7
Beam Area of Antenna
QUESTION?
• Why do we use narrow beam width Antennas for Highway sites
?

• A narrow, more concentrated beam has a greater range capability

than a wide beam since it provides higher energy density per unit
area.
OUTERVIEW OF AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL
ANTENNA
Different types of Antenna
• Earth station antenna
• Satellite Antenna
• Radiometer antennas
• Aircraft Antennas
• Mobile Telephone Antennas
• GPS antennas
• Fractal Antennas
• TV Antennas
• Panel Antennas
• Cylindrical antennas
• Smart Antennas ( MIMO Antennas )
• Whip Antenna ( Antennas we can see on Vehicles )
• Parabolic Antenna
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTENNA
• Earth station antenna . Satellite antenna
. Radiometer antenna . Aircraft antenna
• Mobile telephone antenna • GPS antenna
• Fractual antenna • TV antenna
• Panel antenna • Cylindrical antenna
• Smart antenna(MIMO antennas) • Whip antenna
• Parabolic antenna