The Hawthorne Studies

Discover the fascinating experiments that changed management forever. From

productivity to motivation, learn about the incredible insights of the Hawthorne
studies.

by Kartikeya Jha
Background
1 The Hawthorne 2 Initial studies 3 Unexpected results
Works
Conducted to find ways The focus shifted from
A Western Electric to improve worker physical conditions to
factory in Illinois where productivity and social dynamics and
the studies took place. ergonomics. management styles.
Purpose
Focus Goal Approach
• Exploring the effect of • To identify the key • Using controlled
work conditions on factors that influence experiments to test
productivity. worker behaviour and hypotheses.
motivation.
Methodology

Physical Environment Social Dynamics

Experimenting with lighting, temperature, and Observing the impact of group discussions,
other physical factors. supervisory styles, and interpersonal relationships.

Worker Attitudes

Interviewing workers to understand their attitudes,

Key Findings
Social Factors Psychological Factors
• Group norms and expectations affect • Workers value social relationships and
worker performance. recognition more than financial

• Supervisors have a significant impact on • incentives.

Worker satisfaction is closely related to
worker motivation and behaviour. productivity.
Impact

Management Styles Worker Empowerment

The studies led to a shift in focus from scientific Organizations began to recognize the importance
management to a more humanistic approach. of worker participation and involvement in
decision-making.
Critiques
Methodological Generalizability Conflicting
Limitations Conclusions
Others criticized the narrow
Some scholars questioned focus on a single industry Finally, some scholars
the validity and reliability and a homogeneous sample pointed out that the studies
of the studies. of workers. produced conflicting and
controversial results.
Relevance
1 1950s-1970s

The human relations movement gained popularity, emphasizing the importance of

social and psychological factors in the workplace.

2 1980s-1990s

The concept of empowerment emerged, emphasizing worker involvement and

participation in decision-making.

3 2000s-today

Organizational behaviour focuses on creating a positive work environment that

fosters creativity and innovation.
Conclusion
Lesson Learned Legacy

The studies showed that productivity and The Hawthorne studies are still relevant today,
motivation are largely influenced by social and and their contributions to management theory
psychological factors. cannot be overstated.