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Bacterial Classification and Importance

The document summarizes bacteria based on their cell walls, nutrition sources, and presence of flagella. It describes Gram-positive bacteria having thick cell walls that stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria have thin cell walls that stain pink. Bacteria are also classified as saprotrophs, parasites, or symbionts depending on their nutrition source. The document further discusses the economic importance of bacteria in nitrogen fixation, decomposition, biotechnology applications, and roles in both beneficial and harmful capacities.

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62 views40 pages

Bacterial Classification and Importance

The document summarizes bacteria based on their cell walls, nutrition sources, and presence of flagella. It describes Gram-positive bacteria having thick cell walls that stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria have thin cell walls that stain pink. Bacteria are also classified as saprotrophs, parasites, or symbionts depending on their nutrition source. The document further discusses the economic importance of bacteria in nitrogen fixation, decomposition, biotechnology applications, and roles in both beneficial and harmful capacities.

Uploaded by

mt902559
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

On the basis of cell wall

 Gram +ve bacteria


• Thick cell wall
• In Gram stain test, give +ve result
• Stains the cell wall purple

 Gram –ve bacteria


• Thin cell wall
• In Gram stain test, give –ve result
• Stains the cell wall pink
On the basis of nutrition
Types of heterotrophs
 Saprotrophic bacteria
• Obtain their food from dead and decaying matter i.e
decomposers
• Have own enzyme system
 Parasitic bacteria
• Lack own enzyme system
• Depends upon enzymes of host (living) for food
• Pathogens
 Symbiotic bacteria
• Symbiotic relationship with host
On the basis of flagella
Economic importance of bacteria
In rhizosphere: The region where soil and roots make
contact is called rhizosphere.
• Bacterial population is higher on and arround roots
• Bacterial growth is enhanced due to nutrients
released from plants
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
• The nodules are swellings in the roots.
• Have nitrogen fixing bacteria
• Present in Leguminosae family
• Bacteria provide fixed nitrogen and plants provide
bacteria with carbohydrates & org. compounds
In Nitrogen Cycling:
• Plants require N for synthesis of prot., nucleic acid
and other org. compds.
• Plants are unable to absorb gaseous N2 .
• Converted to NH4 or NO3 . Called nitrogen fixation.
Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
• Fix nitrogen
• Live free or associated with roots
Non-symbiotic: Live freely e.g. Clostridium,
Azotobacter
Symbiotic: live in roots e.g. Rhizobium
Decomposition & Recycling
Humification: Saprophytic bacteria along with fungi
decompose dead org. matter, form partially
decomposed org. matter called humus.
• Taken up by plants again to build org. compds.
Called nutrient recycling.
In Biotechnology
Application of organisms such as bacteria, fungi and
algae to the manufacturing and service industries.
• Fermentation: brewing, baking, cheese, butter,
ethanol, acetone, org. acids, enzymes, perfumes
• Pharmaceuticals: Antibiotics, vaccines, steroids
• Vitamin synthesis: used in synthesis of vit B in
humans( E.coli)
• Commercial preparation of riboflavin
• Waste disposal: Aerobic & anaerobic bacteria are
used to decompose sewage wastes.

Harmful bacteria
• Pathogens: disease causing organisms more in
animals than plants
• Plant diseases: 200 bacteria cause diseases. e.g.
crown galls of fruit trees, fire blight of apples &
pears, citrus canker, leaf blight of rice
• Biogas: Energy in the form of biogas
• Food products: beverages, dairy products
• Organic compounds: Proteins, aminoacids
• Agriculture Industry: animal feed, pesticides,
nitrogen fixation, tissue culture
• Microbial mining: copper extraction
• Genetic Engineering: commercially important
products e.g. insulin
• Fiber Retting: used to separate fibers of jute, flax
and hemp used in making ropes and sacks
• Digestion: Live in guts of animals, secrete cellulase
that help in digestion of cell wall & give energy
• Animal diseasas: food poisoning of poultry, black
leg.
• Human disease: Penumonia, wound infections,
stomach trouble, food poisioning, typhoid
• Food spoilage: Saprophytic bacteria decompose
org. matter, causes spoilage of grains, meat, fish,
vegetables, fruits and milk

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