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ORGANIZATION &
MANAGEMENT
(ORGMANA)

Lesson 7:
Management Function- Leading

Lecturer:
Lorna B. Dalimot, LPT, MAED

ACCESS COMPUTER COLLEGE

 TOPICS
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• Are you a Good Leader?

• Leading
• Leadership
• Leadership Styles
 REVIEW
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• Staffing
• Recruitment
• Selection
• Training & Development
• Compensation
• Performance Evaluation
• Employee Movement
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Topic 1: Are you a Good Leader?
Let us find out if
1. When assigning tasks, I consider people’s skills and you have the
interests. potential to be a
2. I am confident in my ablity to succeed. leader. Read the
3. I expect nothing less than topnotch results from people statements and
4. I expect people to work as hard as I do. choose from 1-5
Never – 1
that indicate how Rarely – 2
5. When someone is upset, I try to understand how he or
well these apply to Sometimes – 3
she is feeling.
you. Afterwards, Often – 4
6. I find it easy to adapt and reorganize when faced with add you scores and Very Often - 5
changing circumstances. use the the guide
7. I do not let my personal feelings get in the way of my to interpret the
performance and productivity. result.
8. I am highly motivated because I know I have what it NOTE: Answer
takes to be successful. honestly. There is
9. I take time to participate in morale-boosting activities no right or wrong
such as team building, etc. answer here.
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Topic 1: Are you a Good Leader? Let us find out if
you have the
10. I enjoy working and interacting with large group of potential to be a
people. leader. Read the
statements and
11. I clearly convey my expectations to other people.
choose from 1-5
12. When working with a team, I encourage everyone to that indicate how Never – 1
work together to achieve our objectives. well these apply to Rarely – 2
13. I make sure I follow rules and regulations. Sometimes – 3
you. Afterwards,
Often – 4
14. I enjoy planning for the future. add you scores and Very Often - 5
15. I welcome criticisms and do not take them personally. use the the guide
16. I take time to clarify the expectations of other people. to interpret the
result.
17. I adopt an optimistic view regarding challenges and see
NOTE: Answer
setbacks as temporary.
honestly. There is
18. I devote myself to learning new skills and encourage no right or wrong
others to do the same thing. answer here.
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Topic 1: Are you a Good Leader?
SCORE INTERPRETATION:
IMPORTANT NOTE:
18-41 pts. - You may need to work harder on your leadership
Do not worry if your results
skills. However, developing yourself as a leader also requires you to
be a contributing member of a team. Although leadership skills are seem to indicate that you are in
valued in the world of business, learning how to be an outstanding the “wrong direction” in terms
follower is also an important aspect of leadership. Work harder to of your leadership skills and
create a balance of both. potential. This activity only
42-64 pts. - You are doing a satisfactory job as a leader, but you gives a general overview of
have the potential to perform much better. While you have the basic your skills at present. How you
skills and characteristics of an effective leader you still need to go from here and what you will
develop other leadership qualities. Take every opportunity to
really become in the future
improve your skills . Examine the areas where you are weak and
determine what you can do to develop these.
depend on your succeeding
65-90 pts. - You are well on you way to becoming a good leader.
actions as you continue
However, learning is a continuous process. One can never be too learning and gaining
good in everything so look at the areas where you have low marks experience.
and figure out what you can do to improve your performance in
them.
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Topic 2: Leading
LEADING - involves getting others to perform
the necessary tasks by motivating them to
achieve the organization’s goals.

- as a management functions involves

directing and coordinating work and
motivating the subordinates in attaining
their departmental unit’s goal and key
result areas.

- A management function that involves

inspiring and influencing people in the
organization to achieve a common goal
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Topic 3: Leadership
LEADERSHIP

- the ability to inspire confidence and support among

the people who are needed to achieve organization
goals.

- the process by which a person exerts influence over

other people and inspires, motivates and direct their
activities to help achieve group or organization goals.
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Topic 2: Leadership
Qualities Of A Good Leader
 The energy is not only physical energy but also mental as
well as spiritual energy too. 1. A leader must posses
 A leader must act with self confidence. energy
 Human relations demand a good understanding of human 2. Emotional stability
3. The leader has a good
behaviors and constructive reactions to these behaviors.
knowledge of human
 The leader has to put himself in the position of the relations
subordinates. He must assess the impact of an impending 4. Empathy
decision on his followers. 5. Personal motivation
 The leader wants something new. He has initiative. 6. Communication skill which
 The leader’s message is always clear and direct to the is the ability to write and
point talk forcefully
7. Teaching direct to the point
 Develop and inspire his subordinates
ability
 Understand people and know their strengths and 8. Social skill
weaknesses. 9. Technical skill
 Provide effective knowledge and insights of the work
operations under his guidance and supervision.
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Topic 2: Leadership
The Big Five Characteristics
According to Robbins and Coulter (2009), “research of a Leader
shown that the five basic personality dimension
underlie all others and encompass most of the 1. Extraversion
significant variation in human personality.”
2. Agreeableness
 The degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, 3. Conscientiousness
and assertive
 The degree to which someone is good natured, 4. Emotional Stability
cooperative and trusting.
 The degree to which someone is responsible, 5. Openness to experience
dependable, persistent and achievement oriented.
 The degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic,
and secure(positive), or tense, nervous, depressed,
and insecure (negative)
 The degree to which someone is imaginative,
artistically sensitive and intellectual
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Topic 2: Leadership
LEADERSHIP GRID was conceptualized by LEADERSHIP GRID
management theorist Robert Blake and Jane Mouton.
This theory defines leadership as balancing between
two fundamental concerns: the concern for people and
the concern for results.

The 5 styles of leadership according to leadership grid

are as follows:

1. Authoritarian Leaders (high result, low people)- task-

oriented and push their people to work. Very strict with
schedules and expect their people to follow them
without question. Authoritarian leaders do not provide
their employees opportunities to cooperate or
collaborate with one another.
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Topic 2: Leadership
LEADERSHIP GRID
2. Country Club Leaders (low result, high people) –
they use the power to rewards to maintain discipline
and motivate their subordinates. These leaders do not
use coercion unlike authoritarian leaders.

3. Impoverished Leaders ( low result, low people) –

they delegate task and then leave their subordinates
unsupervised. They allow their people to go about their
job by doing their own thing, which often result workers
struggling to finish their tasks.
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Topic 2: Leadership
LEADERSHIP GRID
4. Team Leaders (high results, high people) - these
leaders are considered role models of good
management. They encourage their members to attain
their highest potential and motivates them to perform
well in achieving their goals.

5. Middle of the Road Leaders (medium result, medium

people) – these leaders seek a compromise between
production and people concern and maintain the status
quo in the company.
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles
Participative
Leadership – is a
style of leadership
that requires
hearing the voices
of all people
concern. This is
achieved by the
active participation
of the employees
in the decision
making process of
the organization.
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles

Situational Leadership - considers that

leadership styles are specific to a particular
situation and that leaders adapt their actions and
behavior to whatever situation they are in.

Situational Leadership Model, is a model

created by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard,
developed while working on Management of
Organizational Behavior. The theory was first
introduced in 1969 as "life cycle theory of
leadership"
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles
Autocratic Leadership - used when
a leader dictates policies and procedures, decides
what goals are to be achieved, and directs and
controls all activities without any meaningful
participation by the subordinates.

- Autocratic leaders retain most of the authority

because they make decision confidently, assume
the group members attitude towards a decision.
- Autocratic leader assumes a paternalistic role
which forces subordinates to rely on the leader for
their satisfaction.
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles
Dictatorial Leadership – is another style of
leadership that only considers the opinion of the
authority or the dictator in the decision making
process.

- Dictatorial leader accomplishes tasks through

fear or penalties, and maintain a highly critical
and negative attitude in relations with
subordinates.
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles

Charismatic Leadership - defined as the

capacity to make ordinary people do
extraordinary things in the face of adversity.

Transformational Leadership – refers to a

special quality and skill of a leader that brings
positivity, persuasion and changes to the
organization.
- is more concerned with engagement between
leaders and followers.
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles
Power Leadership – using the right set of
leadership skill an individual can establish power
over his employees. Power also provides a leader
the ability to command and implement force.

Politics Leadership – attaining power requires

mastery of political dynamics in an organization.
Politics is present in any type of organization --- it
may exist in the highest level of the organization or
within a particular group. Politics in an organization
is influenced by negotiations and mediations among
members of the group.
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Topic 2: Leadership Styles

Creativity Leadership- it is not just about the

experience, leaders should also know how to
think “out of the box’ and to take risk beyond
their comfort zones in order to continually
upgrade and become a sustainable enterprise.

Innovation Leadership - involves

synthesizing different leadership styles in
organizations to influence employees to
produce creative ideas, products, services and
solutions.
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THE BOSS VERSUS THE LEADER

“Leaders don’t
create followers
they create more
leaders. “
 RECAP
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Leading is an important management function

because it involves the organization’s people who
posses different attitudes, behaviors, personalities,
motivation and others. Influencing them to achieve a
common goal is quite challenging because of their
many diverse characteristics, therefore understanding
leading or directing begins on how people behave
and what motivate them and how to communicate
with them.
 ACTIVITY
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Read the article below and answer the questions that follow. Page 1

The Following Part of Leading

In the book The Wisdom of Teams (1993) Jon Katzenbach and Douglas Smith
introduced the concept or the “following part of leading” They explained that
the leaders could better express their leadership by going beyond relying on
power and authority as the basis of their influence over their subordinates.
Based on this perspective, they described several key behaviors that must be
embodied by leaders.

Asking questions instead of giving answers. By asking such questions as “What

do you think we should do?” or “How do you suggest we proceed?” a leader
takes a step behind another. The leader, however, still decides whether he or
she will follow the given suggestions.

Providing opportunities for others to lead you. The leader gives the members
of the group opportunities to lead. This action promotes growth and
encourages innovation within the organization. The leader, however, remains
the authority within the group that guides and manages the activities of its
members.
 ACTIVITY
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Read the article below and answer the questions that follow. Page 2

Doing real work in support of others. Showing a willingness to work along

side subordinates and contribute actual efforts to achieve objectives can
enable a manager to earn appreciation form workers. In addition, the
manager projects the image of a dependable team leader.

Being a match maker instead of a “central switch.” The manager looks to

establish collaborative relations among workers, enabling them to work
independently but in coordination with each other. The manager removes
himself or herself as the center of authority and the sole source of
information, motivating workers to be more self-reliant and exercise
initiate.

Seeking common understanding instead of consensus. Consensus is often

viewed in a negative light, as it connote a compromise of ideas among
participants and following imposed decision. Rather, leaders must strive to
establish common understanding among members of the organization,
which is characterized by a genuine concern fort he common good and the
welfare of the organization and its members.
 ACTIVITY
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Read the article below and answer the questions that follow. Page 3

Seeking common understanding instead of consensus. Consensus is often

viewed in a negative light, as it connote a compromise of ideas among
participants and following imposed decision. Rather, leaders must strive to
establish common understanding among members of the organization,
which is characterized by a genuine concern fort he common good and the
welfare of the organization and its members. Establishing common
understanding requires that all members understand all sides of any
disagreement. This enables the organization to clearly identify a course of
action that is satisfactory for all and in line with shared purposes and goals
of the group.
 ACTIVITY
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Guide Questions. Page 4

1. What is meant by the concept “following part of leading”? How can

managers embody this concept? Reaction Paper Format
2. What outline behaviors contribute positively to a business or
organizations? Why do you think so? 1. Title Page - Subject
Title, Student Name,
3. Which personality do you believe best exemplifies “following part of Grade, Strand,
leading”? Explain your choice.
Teacher, Institution
Type your answers using this format. Name
2. Guide Questions
3. Answers
 REFERENCES
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Bueno, David Cababaro., EdD. Organization and

Management (For Senior High School). Books Atbp.
Publishing Corp., 2016

Cabrera, Helena Ma. F.,Phd. Et al., Organization and

Management., Vibal Group Inc., 2016

Zarate, Cythia A., Organization and Management for Senior

High School., C& E Publishing Inc., 2016

Morales, Jose A.; Saidali, Margarita R.; “Business

Organization Operations and Management” Mindshapers
Co., Inc., 2014
 NEXT LESSON
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• Controlling
• Nature of Controlling
• The Control Process
• Types of Control
• Control Methods and Systems
• Introduction to Different Areas of
Management

• Thank you for Watching!