Bleeding.

Types Of Bleeding Causes Of Bleeding

Introduction to Bleeding

• Bleeding refers to the escape of blood from blood vessels.

• It can occur externally or internally.

• Bleeding can range from minor to life-threatening.

Types of Bleeding

• Capillary bleeding: Small, superficial cuts that ooze blood slowly.

• Venous bleeding: Dark red blood flowing steadily from a vein.

• Arterial bleeding: Bright red blood spurting or gushing rapidly from an

artery.
Causes of Bleeding

• Trauma: Injuries such as cuts, lacerations, or fractures can cause bleeding.

• Medical conditions: Certain conditions like hemophilia, thrombocytopenia,

or liver disease can lead to bleeding disorders.

• Medications: Certain drugs like anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents can

increase the risk of bleeding.
Types of External Bleeding

• Epistaxis: Nosebleeds caused by trauma, dry air, or nasal conditions.

• Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood, often due to respiratory infections or lung

diseases.

• Hematemesis: Vomiting blood, which can be caused by gastrointestinal

bleeding.
Types of External Bleeding (cont.)

• Hematuria: Blood in urine, which can be a sign of urinary tract infections,

kidney stones, or bladder cancer.

• Hematochezia: Passage of bright red blood through the rectum, often

indicating lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Menorrhagia: Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding, often caused by

hormonal imbalances or uterine abnormalities.
Signs and Symptoms of External Bleeding

• Visible blood on the skin or clothing.

• Rapid or weak pulse.

• Pale or cool skin.

First Aid for External Bleeding

• Apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or your hand.

• Elevate the injured area above the level of the heart if possible.

• If bleeding does not stop, apply additional pressure or use a tourniquet as a

last resort.
Types of Internal Bleeding

• Intracranial bleeding: Bleeding within the skull, often caused by head

injuries or ruptured blood vessels.

• Gastrointestinal bleeding: Bleeding in the digestive tract, which can occur

from ulcers, tumors, or inflammatory bowel diseases.

• Retroperitoneal bleeding: Bleeding behind the abdominal cavity,

commonly seen in trauma cases.
Signs and Symptoms of Internal Bleeding

• Abdominal pain or distention.

• Dizziness or fainting.

• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath.

First Aid for Internal Bleeding

• Call for emergency medical help immediately.

• Keep the person lying down and still.

• Do not give anything to eat or drink.

Complications of Untreated Bleeding

• Shock: Inadequate blood flow to tissues and organs, which can be life-
threatening.

• Anemia: Low red blood cell count due to excessive blood loss.

• Organ damage: Prolonged or severe bleeding can lead to organ dysfunction

or failure.
Conclusion

• Bleeding can occur externally or internally and can have various causes.

• Prompt recognition and appropriate first aid are crucial in managing

bleeding.

• Seek medical attention if bleeding is severe, does not stop, or is

accompanied by other concerning symptoms.