CRAN

E ON
BOAR
D
What is Crane on Board?

"Crane on board" refers to the presence of a crane installed or located on a particular

vessel or ship. This phrase signifies that the vessel is equipped with a crane for lifting and
handling cargo, whether during loading, unloading, or repositioning items on the ship
itself.

Having a crane on board a ship is crucial for efficient cargo handling operations, as it
allows the vessel to load and unload goods at ports or other locations without relying
solely on external cranes or machinery. The crane on board enables the ship to manage its
own cargo, facilitating smoother logistics and reducing dependency on port facilities for
certain handling tasks.
Jib Head:
Jib Head:
A Jib Head Crane on board a vessel is a crane equipped with a protruding arm (jib) that extends horizontally
from a fixed or rotating base. This crane variant is commonly found on ships and boats, designed to facilitate
the lifting, loading, and unloading of cargo within the vessel's confines or between the ship and a dock.

The primary functions of a Jib Head Crane on board a vessel include:

1.Cargo Handling: It is utilized for the efficient loading and unloading of cargo onto or off the ship.
The extendable arm allows it to reach various areas of the vessel's deck or cargo holds.
2.Maneuverability: Due to its design, the crane offers enhanced maneuverability and can operate in
limited spaces, making it suitable for ships where space is constrained.
3.Versatility: It can handle diverse types of cargo, ranging from containers to heavy machinery,
depending on its lifting capacity and design.
4.Precise Placement: The crane ensures accurate and precise placement of cargo within the ship,
optimizing space utilization and maintaining proper weight distribution for stability.
5.Maintenance and Emergency Usage: In certain cases, the crane might be utilized for maintenance
tasks on board the ship or even for emergency situations, such as rescue operations or handling
emergency equipment.
Jib Head Sheaves:
 Jib Head Sheaves:
Jib Head Sheaves are pulleys installed at the top end (head) of the jib of a crane on board a vessel. They're
designed to guide and redirect the wire ropes or cables used for lifting and hoisting operations. These sheaves
are often strategically positioned to maximize the crane's lifting efficiency and control.

The primary function of Jib Head Sheaves on a crane aboard a vessel is to:

1.Facilitate Cable Movement: Sheaves redirect and guide the wire ropes or cables used in the lifting
mechanism. As the cables move through these pulleys, they change direction, allowing the crane to
control the lift and manipulate the cargo with precision.
2.Reduce Friction: The sheaves are designed to minimize friction as the cables pass through them.
This reduction in friction ensures smooth movement of the cables during lifting operations, optimizing
the crane's efficiency and reducing wear on the cables.
3.Enhance Lifting Capacity: Properly designed and maintained sheaves contribute to the overall
lifting capacity and performance of the crane. By effectively guiding the cables, they ensure that the
crane can handle the specified loads safely and efficiently.
4.Maintain Cable Alignment: The sheaves aid in maintaining the alignment of the cables, preventing
tangling or snagging that could compromise the lifting process. This alignment is crucial for safe and
controlled cargo handling.
Luffing Sheaves:
Luffing Sheaves:
Luffing Sheaves are pulleys incorporated into the luffing system of a crane on board a vessel. Positioned
within the crane's structure, these sheaves guide the wire ropes or cables that control the luffing motion of the
jib or boom.

The primary functions of Luffing Sheaves on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Luffing Control: These sheaves play a critical role in the control and management of the luffing
motion of the crane's jib or boom. By guiding the cables used in the luffing mechanism, they assist in
smoothly raising or lowering the jib to the desired angle or position.
2.Cable Alignment and Reduction of Friction: Luffing Sheaves help maintain the alignment of the
wire ropes or cables, ensuring they move smoothly and without tangling during luffing operations.
Additionally, they minimize friction as the cables pass through the sheaves, promoting efficient and
controlled movement of the jib.
3.Load Distribution and Safety: Properly designed and maintained luffing sheaves contribute to the
safe distribution of loads during luffing maneuvers. They aid in distributing the lifting forces evenly
across the crane's structure, ensuring safe and stable operations.
4.Optimization of Luffing Performance: Well-maintained and correctly aligned luffing sheaves
enhance the overall luffing performance of the crane. They contribute to the crane's ability to adjust the
jib's angle or reach, allowing for precise and efficient cargo handling on board the vessel.
Main Chords of Jib:
Main Chords of Jib:
Main Chords in a jib crane refer to the primary structural members forming the main framework of the jib.
These chords are typically the longitudinal or horizontal beams that support and distribute the loads
encountered during lifting operations.

The main chords in a jib crane on board a vessel serve several critical functions:

1.Structural Support: They form the primary load-bearing structure of the jib, providing strength and
support to withstand the forces exerted during lifting and cargo handling activities.
2.Load Distribution: Main chords play a pivotal role in distributing the loads and stresses experienced
by the crane during lifting operations. They transfer the weight of the lifted cargo and the forces
exerted on the jib to other parts of the crane and the vessel's structure.
3.Stability and Rigidity: These chords contribute significantly to the overall stability and rigidity of
the jib crane. By maintaining the structural integrity of the jib, they ensure safe and controlled lifting
operations, minimizing sway or unwanted movements.
4.Connection Points: Main chords often serve as anchor points for attaching other components of the
crane, such as the luffing mechanism, sheaves, cables, or counterweights, providing a secure base for
the crane's functionalities.
5.Alignment and Framework: They establish the basic framework and alignment of the jib,
influencing its overall shape, length, and strength, which are crucial factors in determining the crane's
lifting capacity and operational range.
Cargo Hoist Ropes:
Cargo Hoist Ropes:
Cargo hoist ropes are heavy-duty cables or ropes designed specifically for lifting and hoisting operations on a
crane installed on a vessel. They are typically made of high-strength materials like steel wire or synthetic
fibers, engineered to withstand the stresses and loads encountered during lifting operations.

The primary functions of cargo hoist ropes on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Lifting and Lowering Cargo: Cargo hoist ropes serve the primary purpose of lifting and lowering cargo onto
or off the ship. They are attached to the lifting mechanism of the crane and are used to hoist loads from the ship's
deck or cargo holds.
2.Load Bearing: These ropes are responsible for bearing the weight of the cargo being lifted. They are
engineered to have high tensile strength to handle heavy loads safely and reliably.
3.Controlled Movement: Cargo hoist ropes facilitate controlled movement of the lifted cargo. By adjusting the
tension and movement of these ropes, the crane operator can precisely position and maneuver the cargo as
needed.
4.Safety and Stability: Ensuring the integrity and proper maintenance of cargo hoist ropes is essential for the
safety and stability of lifting operations. Regular inspections and maintenance help prevent failures or accidents
during lifting.
5.Compatibility and Adaptability: Cargo hoist ropes are selected and maintained based on the specific
requirements of the crane and the cargo being handled. They may vary in diameter, material, and construction to
accommodate different loads and operational conditions.
Transverses or Cross-Members of Jib:
Transverses or Cross-Members of Jib:
Transverses or cross-members on a jib crane refer to the horizontal structural elements that connect the main
chords or vertical members of the crane's jib. They run perpendicular to the main structural elements, forming
a framework that reinforces and supports the jib structure.

The functions of transverses or cross-members on a jib crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Structural Reinforcement: These horizontal members reinforce the jib structure by connecting the main
vertical members, enhancing the overall rigidity and strength of the crane's jib.
2.Load Distribution: Transverses distribute the loads and stresses encountered during lifting operations across
the jib structure. They help evenly distribute forces, reducing localized stress points and ensuring balanced load
distribution.
3.Support for Components: These cross-members provide support for various components attached to the jib,
such as sheaves, cables, and other operational elements. They maintain the alignment and stability of these
components during lifting operations.
4.Enhanced Stability: By connecting the main chords or vertical members, transverses contribute to the stability
of the jib crane. They help resist lateral forces and vibrations, ensuring the crane remains stable while lifting or
maneuvering cargo.
5.Framework for Attachments: Transverses provide a framework for attaching additional equipment or
components necessary for specific lifting tasks. They serve as anchor points or support structures for auxiliary
mechanisms used during cargo handling.
Luffing Ropes:
Luffing Ropes:
Luffing ropes on a crane aboard a vessel are strong and durable ropes or cables designed to control the luffing
or raising/lowering motion of the crane's jib or boom. They are attached to the crane's luffing mechanism and
are responsible for adjusting the angle or elevation of the jib.

The primary functions of luffing ropes on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Luffing Control: Luffing ropes are pivotal in controlling the vertical movement of the jib or boom. By
adjusting the tension and length of these ropes, the crane operator can raise or lower the jib to the desired angle
or position for cargo handling.
2.Support and Stability: These ropes contribute to maintaining the stability and support of the jib structure
during luffing operations. They assist in controlling the movement of the jib while ensuring it remains stable and
properly aligned.
3.Load Distribution: Luffing ropes aid in distributing the lifting forces evenly across the jib structure. Proper
tension and adjustment of these ropes help manage the loads encountered during lifting, ensuring balanced
weight distribution.
4.Precise Positioning: Luffing ropes enable the crane operator to precisely position and maneuver the jib for
efficient cargo handling. By controlling the angle of the jib, these ropes facilitate accurate placement of the cargo
on board the vessel.
5.Safe Operations: Ensuring the integrity and proper maintenance of luffing ropes is essential for safe crane
operations. Regular inspections and maintenance help prevent failures or accidents during luffing maneuvers.
Hook Block:
Hook Block:
A hook block on a crane aboard a vessel is an assembly that includes a hook, one or more sheaves or pulleys,
and the block structure itself. It's an attachment point for the lifting cables or ropes and enables the crane to
hoist and lower loads securely.

The functions of the hook block on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Load Attachment: The hook block serves as the attachment point for the lifting cables or ropes. The load is
attached to the hook, and the cables run through the sheaves/pulleys, providing the necessary mechanical
advantage for lifting.
2.Load Distribution: Sheaves within the hook block distribute the load's weight across multiple cables or ropes,
reducing strain and stress on individual lines. This helps in achieving more balanced and controlled lifting of
heavy loads.
3.Lifting Mechanism: The hook block, in conjunction with the crane's hoisting system, facilitates the lifting and
lowering of loads. It provides the means to apply tension to the lifting cables, enabling the crane to raise or lower
cargo.
4.Safety Mechanism: Hook blocks often come equipped with safety features, such as locking mechanisms or
latch systems on the hook, to ensure that the load remains securely attached during lifting operations.
5.Versatility: Depending on the crane's design and the intended use, hook blocks can be interchangeable to
accommodate various load capacities and types of cargo. This allows for flexibility in handling different loads
efficiently.
Slew Column Head Sheaves:
Slew Column Head Sheaves:
Slew column head sheaves on a crane aboard a vessel are specialized pulleys or rollers positioned at the
upper end of the slew column. They are designed to guide and manage the cables or ropes responsible for the
rotation or slewing movement of the crane.

The primary functions of slew column head sheaves on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Slewing Mechanism: Slew column head sheaves play a pivotal role in the crane's slewing mechanism. They
guide the cables or ropes that control the rotation of the crane, allowing it to pivot or turn horizontally.
2.Controlled Rotation: By guiding the cables through these sheaves, the crane operator can control and manage
the rotation speed and direction of the crane. This precise control is essential for accurate positioning of the load.
3.Load Distribution: The sheaves aid in distributing the forces generated during the slewing movement of the
crane. They help in maintaining balanced tension on the cables, ensuring smooth and controlled rotation without
excessive stress on the crane's components.
4.Support and Alignment: Slew column head sheaves provide support and alignment for the cables or ropes
involved in the slewing mechanism. They help in keeping the cables properly positioned, minimizing tangling or
snagging during rotation.
5.Durability and Efficiency: These sheaves are designed to withstand the considerable forces and loads
encountered during crane operations. Proper maintenance and lubrication of the sheaves ensure their efficiency
and longevity.
Jib Stop:
Jib Stop:
The jib stop on a crane aboard a vessel is a physical barrier or mechanism typically located at the end of the
jib or boom. It acts as a stopping point to restrict the movement of the jib, preventing it from traveling
beyond a predetermined position.

The primary functions of the jib stop on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Limiting Range of Motion: The jib stop serves to limit the extension or movement of the jib or boom,
preventing it from exceeding its safe operational range. This prevents potential collisions with the ship's
structure, equipment, or surroundings.
2.Safety Enhancement: It acts as a safety feature to protect the crane, cargo, and personnel on board. By
preventing the jib from overextending, it minimizes the risk of accidents, collisions, or damage to the crane itself
and surrounding infrastructure.
3.Positioning and Alignment: The jib stop helps maintain the proper positioning and alignment of the jib during
operation. It ensures that the jib remains within the designated working area, optimizing its efficiency and safety.
4.Operational Control: Operators can rely on the jib stop as a reference point for controlling the movement of
the crane's jib. It assists in accurately positioning the jib for cargo handling operations.
5.Compliance and Regulation: It aids in compliance with safety regulations and operational guidelines set forth
for crane usage on vessels. The presence of a jib stop is often a mandatory safety requirement for maritime
cranes.
Hook:
Hook:
The hook on a crane aboard a vessel is a metal device typically shaped like a curved or bent piece with a
closure mechanism (such as a latch) at its end. It is attached to the lifting cables or ropes and is used to secure
and lift the cargo.

The primary functions of the hook on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Load Attachment: The hook serves as the point of attachment between the lifting cables or ropes and the
cargo. It provides a secure connection to hoist the load safely.
2.Lifting and Lowering: The hook is used to lift and lower the cargo, with the lifting cables or ropes passing
through it. It allows the crane to apply lifting force to elevate the load and subsequently lower it as needed.
3.Load Capacity and Safety: The design of the hook is crucial for ensuring it can handle the intended load
capacity. Properly engineered hooks are essential for safe lifting operations, preventing accidents due to
overloading or failure.
4.Versatility: Hooks can be interchangeable to accommodate different types and sizes of loads. They may vary
in size, shape, or configuration to suit various lifting requirements.
5.Safety Features: Many hooks are equipped with safety features such as latch mechanisms or locking systems
to prevent accidental detachment of the load, enhancing safety during lifting and positioning.
Slewing Column, Upper Post or Housing:
Slewing Column, Upper Post or Housing:
The slewing column, upper post, or housing on a crane aboard a vessel is the vertical structure situated above
the crane's base. It contains the mechanisms necessary for the crane's rotational movement and supports the
crane's rotating components.

The functions of the slewing column, upper post, or housing on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Rotation Support: It provides the structural support necessary for the crane's rotational or slewing movement.
This structure allows the crane to rotate horizontally, enabling it to position the load precisely.
2.Mechanical Components Housing: It houses various mechanical components such as gears, bearings, motors,
and other mechanisms required for the crane's rotation. These components work together to facilitate smooth and
controlled slewing motion.
3.Load Distribution: The slewing column distributes the loads and forces encountered during crane operations.
It ensures that the rotational forces generated during lifting are adequately supported and distributed throughout
the crane's structure.
4.Stability and Alignment: By supporting the rotating components, the slewing column helps maintain the
stability and alignment of the crane during slewing operations. It ensures that the crane remains balanced while
rotating to handle loads.
5.Control and Maneuverability: The components housed within the slewing column allow for precise control
and maneuverability of the crane's rotational movement. This enables the crane operator to position the load
accurately.
Machinery Deck:
Machinery Deck:
A Machinery Deck crane is a crane mounted on the deck of a ship, strategically positioned for efficient cargo
handling. It comprises various components such as a boom, winches, cables, and controls, operated either
hydraulically, electrically, or through other power sources.

The functions of a Machinery Deck crane on board a vessel include:

1.Cargo Handling: The primary function is to handle cargo efficiently, lifting and moving goods between the
ship and the dock or between different parts of the vessel. It aids in loading and unloading operations, facilitating
the movement of diverse types of cargo.
2.Versatility: Machinery Deck cranes are versatile and adaptable, capable of handling various types of cargo,
including containers, equipment, supplies, and general cargo. They accommodate different load sizes and
weights.
3.Reach and Maneuverability: These cranes offer reach and maneuverability on the ship's deck, enabling them
to access different areas for cargo handling. They can extend their booms to reach over the ship's side or into
cargo holds for efficient loading and unloading.
4.Precision and Control: Machinery Deck cranes allow for precise and controlled movement of cargo.
Operators can manipulate the crane's controls to lift, lower, and position loads accurately.
5.Load Capacity and Safety: These cranes are designed with specific load capacities and safety features to
ensure safe operations. Load sensors and limit switches are often included to prevent overloading and ensure
operational safety.
Jib Heel:
Jib Heel:
The jib heel on a crane aboard a vessel is the lower end or base of the jib or boom, where it connects to the
crane's structure or mounting point. It forms the foundation of the jib and provides stability during lifting
operations.

The functions of the jib heel on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Attachment Point: The jib heel serves as the attachment point of the jib or boom to the crane's rotating
structure or fixed mounting on the vessel. It provides the pivotal connection that allows the jib to rotate or remain
fixed, depending on the crane's design.
2.Support and Stability: It provides essential support and stability to the jib during lifting operations. The jib
heel ensures that the jib remains securely connected to the crane's structure, preventing excessive movement or
swaying while handling loads.
3.Load Transmission: The jib heel transmits the lifting forces and loads from the jib to the crane's main
structure or mounting point on the vessel. It plays a critical role in distributing these forces to ensure the crane's
stability and structural integrity.
4.Pivotal Movement: For cranes with rotational capabilities, the jib heel enables the rotational movement of the
jib. It acts as the pivot point for the jib's rotation, allowing it to swing or rotate as needed during cargo handling
operations.
5.Alignment and Operation: Proper alignment and secure attachment of the jib heel are crucial for the crane's
safe and efficient operation. It ensures that the jib functions correctly and remains in the intended position during
lifting tasks.
Jib Heel Pin:
Jib Heel Pin:
The jib heel pin is a mechanical fastening device used to secure the jib heel to the crane's rotating structure or
fixed mounting point on a vessel. It typically consists of a pin or bolt that is inserted through aligned holes in
the jib heel and the crane's structure, holding them together.

The functions of the jib heel pin on a crane aboard a vessel include:

1.Secure Attachment: The jib heel pin serves as a locking mechanism to securely fasten the jib heel to the
crane's structure. It prevents unintended detachment during lifting operations.
2.Pivotal Movement: While providing a secure attachment, the jib heel pin allows the jib to pivot or rotate as
necessary. It enables controlled movement and rotation of the jib during cargo handling activities.
3.Load Transmission: The jib heel pin plays a crucial role in transmitting the lifting forces and loads from the
jib to the crane's structure. It helps distribute these forces to maintain stability and structural integrity.
4.Alignment and Stability: Proper alignment and insertion of the jib heel pin ensure the stability of the jib
during lifting operations. It keeps the jib securely connected, minimizing any movement that could affect the
crane's functionality.
5.Safety and Maintenance: The jib heel pin requires regular inspection and maintenance to ensure its integrity
and proper functioning. Lubrication and checks for wear or damage are essential to maintain its reliability and
safety.